|
| Study | Subject size | Aim of the study | Psychological test | Significant findings |
|
| Illness perception and depression and anxiety in patients with AF |
|
| Trovato et al. [23] (2012) | 45 women and 35 men with AF were compared | To report if perceived stress in stable AF has any correlation to gender and lifestyle choices | (i) Psychological Stress Measure (PSM) test
(ii) Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R)
(iii) Generalized Self-Efficacy scale (GSE)
(iv) Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) | (i) Psychological stress is greater in women in comparison with men
(ii) Women showed no difference in depression HAD scores.
(iii) Coffee consumption was associated with lower stress levels in patients with AF |
|
McCabe et al. [24] (2011)
| 207 patients with AF | To describe illness beliefs in patients with recurrent symptomatic AF and relationships among illness beliefs having implications for self-management | Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R) | (i) Patients believed psychological factors, age, and heredity caused AF
(ii) Patients reported that AF induced anxiety and depression.
(iii) Patients with a good understanding of AF had fewer negative emotions |
|
| Ong et al. [25] (2006) | 93 patients with AF | To report the impact of personality traits and symptom preoccupation on HRQOL and psychological distress | Anxiety and Depression (HADS) | (i) Patients who had lower levels of optimism had more symptom preoccupation and severity of symptoms.
(ii) Anxiety sensitivity was related to poorer HRQOL and psychological distress |
|
| Whang et al. [26] (2012) | 30, 746 women without
history of cardiovascular disease or AF | To assess psychological distress and risk of AF in the Women's Health Study of female health professionals. | Mental Health Inventory-5 (MHI-5) | (i) Reduced AF risk in association with greater reported positive effect
(ii) Depression not associated with AF risk in multivariable models |
|
| Lane et al. [27] (2009) | 70 patients with lone AF | To report changes in HRQOL, depression, and anxiety over 12 months.
To report if illness perceptions and medication beliefs at time of diagnosis are related to depression and anxiety | (i) Beck Depression Inventory
(ii) State and Trait Anxiety (STAI) | (i) Patients with lone AF have low depression rates
(ii) Patients with lone AF had higher anxiety scores and the mean anxiety scores did not change over time
(iii) Patients who were more concerned about medications had less physical decline over time
(iv) Patients who were more anxious had better recovery over time |
|
| Kang [15] (2006) | 81 patients with AF | To report the association between uncertainty, appraisal, symptom severity, and depression | Depression (CES-D) | Patients with AF had a positive relationship between symptom severity, uncertainty, and depression |
|
| Gehi et al. [28] (2012) | 300 patients with documented AF | To report if psychological distress is an important factor in patients report AF symptom severity | (i) Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)
(ii) Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)
(iii) Whitley index
(iv) Toronto Atrial Fibrillation Severity Scale | Patients with depression, anxiety, or somatization disorder had more severe AF symptoms regardless of AF burden |
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