Depression and Cardiac Disease: Epidemiology, Mechanisms, and Diagnosis

Table 1

Patient Health Questionnaire 2 (PHQ-2) [23]*.

Over the past two weeks, how often have you:
	Not at all	Several days	More than half the days	Nearly every day
Lost interest or had little pleasure in doing things	0	1	2	3
Felt down, depressed, or hopeless	0	1	2	3

Total score = sum of two items.
PHQ-2 score ≥ 3 is suggestive of elevated symptoms of depression.
*The PHQ-2 was developed by Drs. Robert L. Spitzer, Janet B.W. Williams, Kurt Kroenke, and colleagues, with an educational grant from Pfizer Inc. PHQ2 Copyright © Pfizer Inc. All rights are reserved.