Sex Differences in Associations of Depressive Symptoms with Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Metabolic Syndrome among African Americans

Table 4

Adjusted odds of associations between the CES-D 16 and metabolic syndrome by sex.

Outcome variable	Women				Men
	CES-D scores ≥16				CES-D scores ≥16
	𝑁	Odds ratio	95% confidence interval	𝑃	𝑁	Odds ratio	95% confidence interval	𝑃
Metabolic syndrome	251	2.64	1.19, 5.83	.017	233	1.35	0.43, 4.24	.603

Odds adjusted for age, poverty status, and BMI; histories of CVD, hypertension, and/or diabetes; medication use (antidiabetes, antihypertensive, cholesterol reduction, and antidepressant); hormone replacement therapy and menopausal status (in women); lifetime histories of smoking and drug use; and alcohol use in past week.