Cognitive Outcomes following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: A Systematic Review

Table 2

Summary of TAVI patient population characteristics at baseline in current studies.

Parameter	Orvin et al., 2014 [8]	Ghanem et al., 2013 [6]	Kahlert et al., 2012 [9]	Knipp et al., 2013 [10]	Rodés-Cabau et al., 2011 [11]	Kahlert et al., 2010 [12]
	36	111	83	27	60	22 (ES)	10 (MCV)
Demographics
Age, mean ± SD	82.2 ± 4.2	80 ± 6	80.6 (79.3–81.8)	82.2 ± 4.7	83 ± 7	78.3 (76.4–80.2)	83.8 (79.2–88.4)
Male gender, % ()	52.8 (19)	54 (60)	57.8% (35)	74.1 (20)	50 (30)	36 (14)	60 (4)
Risk scores
Logistic EuroSCORE, mean ± SD	14.9 ± 11.4	24.3 ± 14.7	20.7 (17.8–23.5)	36.4 ± 13.2	18.9 ± 12.8	22.8 (16.5–29.2)	17.9 (12.0–23.7)
Society of Thoracic Surgeons Score	7.4 ± 4.1	8.5 ± 5.4	6.7 (5.7–7.7)	—	7.7 ± 4.6	—	—
Cognitive status
Mini-mental status exam, mean ± SD	25.9 ± 3.3	25.4 ± 3.4	27.9 (27.5–28.3)	—	28 (17–30)	28.9 (28.2–29.6)	28.1 (26.7–29.5)
Mild cognitive impairment, % ()	—	27 (30)	—	—	—	—	—
Comorbidities
Coronary artery disease, % ()	—	63 (71)	55.4 (46)	55.5 (15)	73 (44)	64 (14)	50 (5)
Renal dysfunction, % ()	30.5 (11)	—	16.9 (14)	—	88 (53)^a	32 (7)	10 (1)
Cardiovascular risk factors
Obesity, % ()	—	—	50.6 (42)	—	88 (53)	41 (9)	0 (0)
Smoking, % ()	—	18 (20)	21.7 (18)	29.6 (8)	2 (1)	23 (5)	20 (2)
Diabetes, % ()	30.5 (11)	31 (35)	30.1 (25)	29.6 (8)	25 (15)	27 (6)	40 (4)
Hypertension, % ()	88.9 (32)	98 (109)	97.6 (81)	100 (27)	75 (45)	95 (21)	90 (9)
Dyslipidemia, % ()	83.3 (30)	81 (90)	72.3 (60)	74.1 (20)	73 (44)	86 (19)	50 (5)

= number, TAVI = transcatheter aortic valve implantation, SD = standard deviation, ES = Edwards-SAPIEN, MCV = Medtronic CoreValve.
^aRenal dysfunction indicated by estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min.