Risk Factors Associated with Cognitive Decline after Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review

Table 1

Studies comparing cognition after cardiac surgery following administration of different types of anaesthetic.

Study	Study design	Number of; patients	Type of anaesthesia/drug	Time of assessment	Outcome
Dumas et al., 1999 [37]	RCT	48	Fentanyl and early extubation	8 weeks	Improved cognition
Dowd et al., 2001 [38]	RCT	78	Propofol and lorazepam	6–12 months	Improved cognition
Bottio et al., 2007 [39]	Obsv.	50	Epidural anaes.	6 months	Improved cognition
Delphin et al., 2007 [40]	Obsv.	91	Sevoflurane and isoflurane	2 hours and 1 day	Improved cognition
Kanbak et al., 2007 [41]	RCT	40	Isoflurane, sevoflurane, and desflurane	3 and 6 days	Improved cognition
Hudetz et al., 2009 [42]	Obsv.	78	Ketamine	1 week	Improved cognition
Schoen et al., 2011 [43]	RCT	117	Sevoflurane and propofol	2, 4, and 6 days	Improved cognition
Kanbak et al., 2007 [41]	RCT	40	Sevoflurane and desflurane	3 and 6 days	Decline
Kadoi et al., 2003 [44]	RCT	180	Propofol and fentanyl	6 months	No difference
Silbert et al., 2006 [45]	Obsv.	300	Fentanyl	1 week, 3 months, 1 year	No difference
Kadoi and Goto, 2007 [46]	Obsv.	109	Sevoflurane	6 months	No difference
Lehmann et al., 2007 [47]	RCT	66	Sufentanil and midazolam	Discharge	No difference
Evered et al., 2011 [48]	Obsv.	281	General anaesthetics	1 week and 3 months	No difference
Parra et al., 2011 [49]	Obsv.	48	Sevoflurane	3 months	No difference
Royse et al., 2011 [50]	RCT	180	Desflurane andpropofol	Discharge and 3 months	No difference

Obsv.: observational.