Late Presentation of Persistent Left Superior Caval Vein in a Univentricular Heart with Successful Transcutaneous Occlusion Using Cera Lifetech Atrial Septal Occluder

Figure 1

Vein angiography in a 35-year-old patient with univentricular heart 18 years following Kawashima operation. (a) Angiography through right internal jugular vein shows flow from the right superior caval vein to the left superior caval vein via a tortuous decompressing vein. (b) Angiography of the pulmonary artery shows mild narrowing of the left pulmonary artery. (c) Schematic of the venous anatomy. (d) During a separate procedure after stent placement in the left pulmonary artery, angiography through left jugular vein showing the large left superior caval draining to the left atrium. (e) Angiography during balloon test occlusion. (f) Angiography following device closure showing residual leak. (AZ: azygous vein, DV: decompressing vein, LA: left atrium, LPA: left pulmonary artery, LSVC: left superior caval vein, RPA: right pulmonary artery, and RSVC: right superior caval vein.)

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