Fulminant Cerebral Fat Embolism: Case Description and Review of the Literature

Table 1

Scoring systems used for the diagnosis of FES. CNS: central nervous system; ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate.

Author	Features
A.R. Gurd et al. [8]; (FES= 1 major + 4 minor + fat microglobulinemia)	Major criteria; Respiratory insufficiency, CNS involvement, petechial rash
	Minor Criteria
	Pyrexia, tachycardia, jaundice, oliguria/anuria, thrombocytopenia, elevated ESR, fat microglobulinemia
B.G. Shonfeld et al. [9]; (FES ≥ 5 points)	Diffuse petechiae (5 points)
	Alveolar infiltrates (4 points)
	Hypoxemia (paO2 < 70 mm Hg)
	CNS involvement (1 point)
	Fever ≥ 38°C
	Heart rate > 120 beats/min; Respiratory rate > 30 min
B.G. Lindeque et al. [10]; (FES = femur fracture ± tibial fracture + 1 feature)	PaO2 < 60 mm Hg; PaCO2 > 55 mmHg or pH < 7,3; Respiratory rate > 35/ min; Dyspnea, anxiety, use of accessory respiratory muscles