Selectable Implant Removal Methods due to Mechanical and Biological Failures

Figure 2

Conventional removal method applied on #37 region. (a) Preoperative state showing a gingival defect. (b) Implant removal using a trephine bur (external diameter: 6 mm, internal diameter: 5 mm; Biomet, Warsaw, IN, USA), elevator (Hu-Friedy, Chicago, IL, USA), and root forceps (Hu-Friedy, Chicago, IL, USA). (c) The implant and the surrounding alveolar bone removal. ((d) and (e)) Immediate bone grafting [Osteon II 0.5 g (particle size 0.5~1.0 mm) and collagen membrane 15 × 20 mm; Genoss, Suwon, Korea] on the implant removal socket. (f) Suture for a primary wound closure.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)