Case Report

Deciphering Autoimmune Pancreatitis, a Great Mimicker: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Table 1

Level 1 and level 2 criteria for type 1 AIP.

CriterionLevel 1Level 2

Parenchymal imagingTypical: diffuse enlargement with delayed enhancement (sometimes associated with rim-like enhancement)Indeterminate (including atypical): segmental/focal enlargement with delayed enhancement

Ductal imaging (ERP)Long (>1/3 length of the main pancreatic duct) or multiple strictures without marked upstream dilatationSegmental/focal narrowing without marked upstream dilatation (duct size, <5 mm)

SerologyIgG4, >2x_upper limit of normal valueIgG4, 1-2x_upper limit of normal value

a or ba or b
(a) Histology of extrapancreatic organs(a) Histology of extrapancreatic organs including endoscopic biopsy of bile duct
Any three of the following:Both of the following:
(1) Marked lymphoplasmacytic infiltration with fibrosis and without granulocytic infiltration(1) Marked lymphoplasmacytic infiltration with fibrosis without granulocytic infiltration
(2) Storiform fibrosis granulocytic infiltration(2) Abundant (>10 cells/HPF) IgG4-positive cells
Other organ involvement (OOI)(3) Obliterative phlebitis
(4) Abundant (>10 cells/HPF) IgG4-positive cells
(b) Typical radiological evidence(b) Physical or radiological evidence
At least one of the following:At least one of the following:
(1) Segmental/multiple proximal (hilar/intrahepatic) or proximal and distal bile duct stricture(1) Symmetrically enlarged salivary/lacrimal glands
(2) Retroperitoneal fibrosis(2) Radiological evidence of renal involvement described in association with AIP

LPSP (core biopsy/resection)LPSP (core biopsy)
At least 3 of the following:Any 2 of the following:
Histology of the pancreas(1) Periductal lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate without granulocytic infiltration(1) Periductal lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate without granulocytic infiltration
(2) Obliterative phlebitis(2) Obliterative phlebitis
(3) Storiform fibrosis(3) Storiform fibrosis
(4) Abundant (>10 cells/HPF) IgG4-positive cells(4) Abundant (>10 cells/HPF) IgG4-positive cells

Reproduced with permission from 2012 Kamisawa, Tabata, Hara, Kuruma, Chiba, Kanno, Masamune, and Shimosegawa.