Acute Liver Failure among Patients on Efavirenz-Based Antiretroviral Therapy

Table 1

Patient characteristics and laboratory test results.

	Case 1	Case 2	Case 3	Case 4
Age (years)	45	40	46	41
Sex	F	F	M	F
Duration of EFV ART	12 months	4 months	5 months	2 weeks
CD4 count	734	402	667	550
Bilirubin total	208	291	471	273
Direct bilirubin	178	156	257	204
AST (NR: 10–40 U/L)	1288	377	913	913
ALT (NR: 13–40 U/L)	776	249	942	942
ALP (NR: 40–120 U/L)	229	143	139	338
GGT (NR: 9–50 U/L)	1101	145	337	735
R ratio	10.17	5.22	20.33	8.36
Hepatic damage type	Hepatocellular	Hepatocellular	Hepatocellular	Hepatocellular
RUCAM score	6	6	3	8

ALP: alkaline phosphatase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; GGT: gamma-glutamyl transferase; NR: normal range; R ratio: (ALT/upper limit of normal range)/(ALP/upper limit of normal range); RUCAM: Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method, ART: antiretroviral therapy, EFV: Efavirenz.