Case Report
Tuberculous Panophthalmitis with Lymphadenitis and Central Nervous System Tuberculoma
Table 1
Clinical features of TB endophthalmitis/panophthalmitis cases previously described in the literature.
| Authors | Year | Number of cases | Host (sex/age/immune status) | Onset | Extraocular foci of TB | Outcomes | Notes |
| Dvorak-Theobald [7] | 1958 | 1 | M/37/immunocompetent | 2 weeks | TB adrenal gland, previous TB kidney | Enucleation | — |
|
Arrell [8] | 1967 | 1 | M/73/immunocompetent | 2 months | Old pulmonary TB (from chest film) | Evisceration | — |
|
McMoli et al. [9] | 1978 | 1 | M/1/immunocompetent | ? | Pulmonary TB | Evisceration | — |
|
Manthey et al. [10] | 1982 | 1 | F/60/immunocompetent | ? | Pulmonary TB | Enucleation | Prior steroid treatment led to temporary regression |
| | | | F/30/immunocompetent | 2 months | Previous disseminated TB, active pulmonary TB | Enucleation | — |
Ni et al. [11] | 1982 | 3 | M/11/immunocompetent | 2 months | Abnormal chest film | Enucleation | Misdiagnosed with retinoblastoma | | | | F/15/immunocompetent | 1 month | Abnormal chest film | Enucleation | — |
|
Menezo et al. [12] | 1987 | 1 | F/20/HIV | 3 days | None but PPD+ | Evisceration | History of heroin use |
|
Regillo et al. [13] | 1991 | 1 | F/29/immunocompetent | 6 months | Pulmonary TB | Evisceration | Prior steroid treatment |
|
Anders and Wollensak [14] | 1995 | 1 | F/36/SLE | 2 months | Pulmonary TB | Enucleation | — |
|
Biswas et al. [15] | 1995 | 2 | F/42/? | ? | TB liver | Evisceration | — | F/30/? | ? | Pulmonary TB | Evisceration | Bilateral involvement |
|
Raina et al. [16] | 2000 | 1 | F/8/immunocompetent | 3 months | None but PPD+ | Enucleation | — |
|
Sheu et al. [17] | 2001 | 2 | F/75/immunocompetent | 2 weeks | Pulmonary TB | Evisceration | — | M/68/immunocompetent | 2 months | Pulmonary TB (miliary TB) | Enucleation | — |
|
Grosse et al. [18] | 2002 | 1 | M/30/immunocompetent | 2 months | TB lymphadenitis (generalized), CNS tuberculoma | Evisceration | — |
|
Sen et al. [19] | 2003 | 1 | M/4/immunocompetent | 1 month | CNS tuberculoma | Evisceration | Bilateral involvement |
|
Chawla et al. [20] | 2004 | 1 | F/12/immunocompetent | 2 months | Abnormal chest film responsive to ATT | Enucleation | — |
|
Demirci et al. [21] | 2004 | 2 | M/28/immunocompetent | 3 months | TB peritonitis (later) | Evisceration | Prior steroid treatment | F/29/immunocompetent | 5 months | Granulomatous hilar lymphadenopathy, PPD+ | Enucleation | Prior steroid treatment |
| | | | M/45/HIV, CD4 = 88 | ? | Pulmonary TB | Evisceration | — |
Babu et al. [23] | 2006 | 3 | M/36/HIV, CD4 = 263 | ? | Pulmonary TB | Evisceration | — | | | | M/34/HIV, CD4 = 34 | ? | Pulmonary TB, abdominal TB | Evisceration | — |
|
Mehta and Vaidya [24] | 2011 | 1 | F/77/immunocompetent | 1 week | None, PPD and QFT—negative, CT chest and abdomen—normal | Regressed with ATT/vitrectomy | Underwent cataract extraction 2 months earlier |
|
Hase et al. [25] | 2015 | 1 | M/81/steroid use | ? | Pulmonary TB (miliary TB) | Regressed with ATT/vitrectomy | — |
|
|
TB = tuberculosis, M = male, F = female, SLE = systemic lupus erythematosus, PPD = purified protein derivative (Mantoux) test, QFT = Quantiferon TB gold test, and ATT = antituberculous therapy.
|