|
| Increased hypothalamic production of ADH | |
|
| Neuropsychiatric disorders: | |
| (i) infections: meningitis, encephalitis, abcess | |
| (ii) vascular: thrombosis, subarachnoid or subdural haemorrhage, temporal arteritis, stroke | |
| (iii) neoplasm: primary or metastatic | |
| (iv) psychosis, delirium tremens | |
| (v) other: Guillain-Barré syndrome, acute intermittent porphyria, autonomic neuropathy … | |
|
| Drugs: | |
| (i) intravenous cyclophosphamide | |
| (ii) carbamazepine | |
| (iii) vincristine or vinblastine | |
| (iv) haloperidol | |
| (v) bromocriptine | |
| (vi) general anaesthesia | |
| (vii) nicotine … | |
|
| Pulmonary disease: | |
| (i) pneumonia: viral, bacterial, fungal | |
| (ii) tuberculosis | |
| (iii) lung abscess, empyema | |
| (iv) acute respiratory failure | |
| (v) positive pressure ventilation | |
| (vi) other: asthma, pneumothorax … | |
|
| Postoperative patient | |
|
| Severe nausea, pain, HIV infection | |
|
| Idiopathic | |
|
| Nohypothalamic (ectopic) production of ADH | |
|
| Carcinoma: small cell carcinoma of lung, pancreas, thymus, prostate, uterus … | |
|
| Lymphosarcoma, mesothelioma | |
|
| Hodgkin’s disease, leukemia | |
|
| Potentiation of ADH effect: | |
| (i) chlorpropamide | |
| (ii) carbamazepine | |
| (iii) psychosis | |
| (iv) prostaglandin-synthesis inhibitors (salicylates, NSAID) | |
|
| Exogenous administration of ADH | |
|
