Case Report
Occipitocervical Hemolymphangioma in an Adult with Neck Pain and Stiffness: Case Report and Literature Review
Table 1
The clinical characteristics and management choices of 26 patients with hemolymphangioma [
1–
25].
| | Case | Publication year | Age (y)/sex | Localization | Size (cm) | Chief complaint | Treatment | Follow-up (months) | Recurrence | Evolution |
| | 1 [8] | 1979 | 20/F | Lower extremity | NA | Painful swelling, chest pain, and pulmonary embolism | Urokinase for a short period; prolonged maintenance therapy was with a low dose of heparin | NA | NA | Favourable | | 2 [9] | 1988 | 1.5/F | Lower extremity | 4.0 × 5.0 | Not reported | Pressure dressing and combined compression therapy | 9 | Not reported | Favourable | | 3 [13] | 1993 | NA/M | Abdomen | 13.0 | Not reported | Autopsy | NA | NA | Stillborn | | 4 [14] | 1996 | 2/F | Esophagus | 9.5 × 2.5 × 2.0 | Acute dyspnea | Endoscopically | 7 | Not reported | Favourable | | 5 [2] | 2003 | 53/F | Pancreas | 4.0 × 3.0 | Abdominal pain and weight loss | Pancreatoduodenectomy | NA | NA | Favourable | | 6 [23] | 2005 | 15/F | Tongue | NA | Pain and bleeding | Pulsed-dye laser | 10 | Not reported | Favourable | | 7 [3] | 2008 | 53/M | Pancreas | NA | Severe anemia due to gastrointestinal bleeding | Pylorous-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy | NA | Not reported | Favourable | | 8 [4] | 2009 | 20/F | Pancreas | 18.0 × 16.0 × 12.5 | Epigastric discomfort | Pancreatoduodenectomy | 26 | Not reported | Favourable | | 9 [1] | 2010 | 0.16/F | Lower extremity | 4.5 | Asymptomatic | Surgical excision | 12 | Not reported | Favourable | | 10 [1] | 2010 | 5/M | Lower extremity | 2.1 × 1.8 × 0.5 | Asymptomatic | Surgical excision | 12 | Not reported | Favourable | | 11 [15] | 2012 | 57/F | Chest wall | 9.0 × 9.0 × 5.0 | Chest tightness, shortness of breath, cough, and expectoration | Thoracotomy | 3 | Not reported | Favourable | | 12 [16] | 2012 | 57/F | Small intestine | 5.0 × 4.0 | Recurrent melena | Partial resection of the small intestine | 12 | Not reported | Favourable | | 13 [17] | 2013 | 53/F | Stomach | 1.5 | Bloody vomiting and epigastric pain | Endoscopic therapy | NA | NA | Favourable | | 14 [18] | 2013 | 37/M | Rectum | 20.0 × 8.0 × 8.0 | Rectal bleeding and tenesmus | Low anterior resection of the rectosigmoid colon with handsewn transanal coloanal anastomosis | 12 | Not reported | Favourable | | 15 [5] | 2013 | 39/F | Pancreas | 10.0 × 7.0 | Abdominal pain | Pancreatic body-tail resection combined with splenectomy | NA | Not reported | Favourable | | 16 [19] | 2014 | 24/F | Duodenum | 4.0 × 1.5 | Severe anemia | Surgical excision | NA | Not reported | Favourable | | 17 [6] | 2014 | 52/F | Pancreas | 8.0 × 6.5 × 6.0 | Abdominal pain and epigastric discomfort | Pylorus preserving pancreatoduodenectomy | NA | NA | Died | | 18 [10] | 2014 | 12/M | Spleen | 15.7 × 8.5 | Abdominal pain | Laparoscopic partial splenectomy | 12 | Not reported | Favourable | | 19 [7] | 2015 | 57/F | Pancreas | 8.0 × 6.0 × 4.5 | Epigastric discomfort | Surgical excision | 2 | Not reported | Favourable | | 20 [11] | 2015 | 62/F | Spleen | 11.0 × 6.0 × 3.0 | Abdominal pain | Total splenectomy | 12 | Not reported | Favourable | | 21 [20] | 2015 | 17/M | Waist | 12.0 × 6.0 × 6.0 | Back pain | Surgical excision | 7 | Not reported | Favourable | | 22 [12] | 2015 | 25/F | Spleen, retroperitoneum | 28.0 × 24.0 × 15.0 | Progressive splenomegaly | Splenectomy | NA | NA | Favourable | | 23 [21] | 2015 | 15/F | Paraspinous | NA | Scoliosis | Posterior spinal fusion | 12 | Not reported | Favourable | | 24 [22] | 2016 | 48/F | Posterior mediastinum | 3.1 × 2.4 | Shortness of breath and chest tightness | Thoracic surgery | 12 | Not reported | Favourable | | 25 [24] | 2016 | 3/M | Greater omentum | 20 × 15 × 6 | Abdominal pain | Surgical excision | 6 | Not reported | Favourable | | 26 [25] | 2017 | 57/M | Rectum, sigmoid | 25 | Rectorrhagia | Surgical excision | 6 | Not reported | Favourable |
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NA, the data were not available.
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