Nontraumatic Exertional Rhabdomyolysis Leading to Acute Kidney Injury in a Sickle Trait Positive Individual on Renal Biopsy

Table 2

Renal biopsy indications.

Isolated glomerular hematuria	Persistent and severe hematuria, hypertension, and elevated creatinine
Isolated nonnephrotic syndrome	Persistent and >1-gram proteinuria
Nephrotic syndrome	Routinely indicated in adults including diabetes, connective tissue disorders, steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome, and obesity Exception is first attack in children
Nephritic syndrome	Connective tissue disorders, hepatitis, infection-related nephritic syndrome, and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
Unexplained acute kidney injury	After clinical diagnosis fails
Unexplained progressive chronic kidney disease	Normal size kidneys and extent of kidney damage
Familial renal diseases	Biopsy of one member can yield the diagnosis of other family members
Renal transplant dysfunction	Acute versus chronic rejection versus drug-induced renal failure
Small localized renal tumors/lesions	Benign renal tumors, metastasis, lymphoma, and focal kidney infection