Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome Secondary to CSF Leak and Intracranial Hypotension: A Case Report and Literature Review

Table 1

This table shows the reported cases in the literature of PRES in the setting of CSF leak.

Case	Age, sex	Cause of CSF leak	Associated risk factors	Highest BP	Treatment	Outcome
Torrillo et al. 2007 [8]	32, F	Epidural tap for labor	Preeclampsia	160/90	BP control	No residual deficit
Ho and Chan 2007 [9]	33, F	Spinal tap for CS	RCVS	140/80	MgSO4 for vasospasm	No residual deficit
Muñoz et al. 2009 [14]	36, F	Epidural tap	⋯	150/86	Blood patch	No residual deficit
Pradhan et al. 2009 [10]	34, F	Epidural tap for kidney transplantation	Cyclosporine	NA	Blood patch and surgical repair of dural tear	No residual deficit
Pugliese et al. 2010 [15]	41, F	Epidural tap for CS	⋯	NA	Blood patch	No residual deficit
Minai et al. 2011 [11]	Young, F	Epidural tap for CS	Sepsis	NA	Blood patch	No residual deficit
Orehek et al. 2012 [12]	26, F	Epidural tap for CS	Preeclampsia	180 s	Blood patch and BP control	Mild dysmetria
Grelat et al. 2014 [16]	69, F	Depletive LP and VPS	⋯	NA	Shunt control	Visual and motor deficit
Doherty et al. 2014 [17]	F	Epidural tap for CS	⋯	158/91	Blood patch	No residual deficit
Shah et al. 2014 [13]	62, F	Epidural tap for abdominal surgery	Ischemic colitis	190/80	Blood patch	Minor visual and memory deficit

CSF: cerebrospinal fluid. BP: blood pressure. F: female. CS: Caesarian section. RCV: reversible cerebral vasospasm. NA: not available, but the patient did not have severe hypertension.