Prenatal Diagnosis of Cardiac Diverticulum with Pericardial Effusion in the First Trimester of Pregnancy with Resolution after Early Pericardiocentesis

Table 1

Differential diagnosis of the different types of diverticulum and aneurism.

	Isolated apical diverticulum	Nonapical diverticulum	Aneurism
Etiopathogeny	Embryogenesis defect	Congenital or acquired focal defect in the muscle wall (viral infection, injury to coronary artery, etc.)	Congenital or acquired focal defect in the muscle wall (viral infection, injury to coronary artery, etc.)
Implantation base on ventriculum	Narrow base	Narrow base	Wide base
Size	Small	Small	Large
Development during pregnancy	Constant size throughout pregnancy	Constant size throughout pregnancy	Enlarging with gestational age
Histology	Myocardium in walls; usually presenting the three layers (myocardium, pericardium, and endocardium)	Myocardium in walls, usually presenting the three layers (myocardium, pericardium, and endocardium)	Myocardium disruption, usually presenting thin myocardium and fibrous tissue
Kinesis	Normal	Normal	Akinetic, hypokinetic, and dyskinetic
Contractility	Contractility in synchrony with heart’s rhythm	Contractility in synchrony with heart’s rhythm	Contractility paradoxical with heart’s rhythm
Complications	Depending on the associated anomalies	Usually not occurring	Arrhythmia, thromboembolism, heart failure, and rupture
Prognosis	Good	Good	Bad