Author GA di Size Sex Location Karyotype Associated anomalies Intervention Prenatal progression Neonatal Follow-up 1 Kitchiner et al. (1990) [13 ] 33 — Female Apex VI — Cardiomegaly No Stable Vaginal delivery 40 w; cardiomegaly, tachypnea, heart murmur, muscular IVC, and mild mitral regurgitation Asymptomatic at 3.5 months of life 2 Hornberger et al. (1994) [9 ] 31 — — Lateral wall below tricuspid valve (RV) — — No Stable Vaginal delivery at term Asymptomatic at 12 months of life 3 Carles et al. (1995) [24 ] 13 — Male Apex LV — Pericardial effusion TOP 14 w — — — 4 Cesko et al. (1998) [25 ] 17 — Male Apex RV 46XY Pericardial effusion TOP 22 w Stable — — 5
Cavallé-Garrido et al. (1997) [6 ] 20 Large Female Lateral wall below mitral valve (LV) Trisomy 18 Ventricular septal defect, hydrops No Fetal death 26 w — — 6 Cavallé-Garrido et al. (1997) [6 ] 19 Small Female Apex RV — No No Stable spontaneous resolution at 34 w Asymptomatic Asymptomatic at 22 months of life 7 Cavallé-Garrido et al. (1997) [6 ] 19 Small — Apex RV — Pericardial effusion PC 20 w Stable Asymptomatic Asymptomatic at 12 months of life 8 Cavallé-Garrido et al. (1997) [6 ] 36 Small Male Lateral wall below tricuspid valve (RV) — Pericardial effusion Asymptomatic at 18 months of life 9 Johnson et al. (1996) [16 ] 19 3 mm Female Apex RV 46XX Pericardial effusion PC 20 w No relapse after PC, no growth Eutocic delivery 41 w; weight 3700 grams; asymptomatic Asymptomatic at 16 months of life 10 Brachlow et al. (2006) [23 ] 32
— — Apex LV — Cardiomegaly No Stable — Asymptomatic at 6 months of life 11 Bernasconi et al. (2004) [26 ] 22 10 × 5 mm Male LV lateral wall below mitral valve 46XY Pericardial effusion PC 22 w — Fetal death 26 w, probably due to diverticulum rupture — 12
McAuliffe et al. (2004) [27 ] 13 4 × 6 mm Male Apex RV 46XY First trimester NT 4.2 mm PC 16 w Resolution of the effusion; CD stable Eutocic delivery 38 w; weight 3070 grams; asymptomatic Asymptomatic at 10 months of life 13 McAuliffe et al. (2004) [27 ] 13 4 × 3 mm Male Apex RV 46XY First trimester NT 2 mm PC 14 w Resolution of the effusion; CD stable Eutocic delivery 38 w; weight 3150 grams; asymptomatic Asymptomatic at 8 months of life 14 Prefumo et al. (2005) [1 ] 14 5 × 5 Male Apex RV 46XY First trimester NT 3.7 mm; pericardial effusion, ascites, and skin edema PC 16 w Resolution of the effusion and hydrops; CD stable; mild cardiomegaly Vaginal full-term eutocic delivery; asymptomatic Asymptomatic at 22 months of life 15 Prefumo et al. (2005) [1 ] 12 1 mm — Apex RV — First trimester NT 1.2 mm Pericardial effusion No Spontaneous resolution of PE with 21 w; CD stable Full-term eutocic delivery, asymptomatic Asymptomatic at 17 months of life 16 Gardiner et al. (2005) [19 ] 14 2-3 mm — Apex RV Normal Pericardial effusion PC 14 w Resolution of the effusion and hydrops; CD collapsed Asymptomatic at birth — 17 Gardiner et al. (2005) [19 ] 14 2-3 mm — Apex RV Normal Pericardial effusion TOP — — — 18
Del Río et al. (2005) [18 ] 13 5 × 5 Female Apex RV 46XX Pericardial effusion, septal defect AV No Spontaneous resolution at 28 w Eutocic delivery 40 w; weight 3400 grams, asymptomatic at birth Correction of septal defect at 3 months of life, resection of diverticulum; asymptomatic at 8 months of life 19 Wax et al. (2007) [14 ] 20 6 × 9 mm Male Junction base RV-infundibulum — No No Stable Full-term eutocic delivery; weight 3689 grams; asymptomatic; small permeable FO Asymptomatic at 18 months of life 20 Koshiishi et al. (2007) [17 ] 24 7 × 10 mm — Lateral wall below tricuspid valve (RV) — Mild pericardial effusion; MC pregnancy with laser intervention for TTTS at week 20 where donor fetus died No Stable Prenatal fetal death at 29 w — 21 Pradhan et al. (2007) [28 ] 28 — — Apex LV — Fetal arrhythmia Medical treatment (digoxin) — Vaginal delivery 40 w Asymptomatic at 12 months of life 22 Barberato et al. (2009) [29 ] 16 5 × 5.7 mm — Apex LV — Mild pericardial effusion PC 20 w Discrete enlargement of PE with normal heart function Prenatal fetal death 37 w — 23 Barberato et al. (2009) [29 ] 30 12 × 13 mm — Mitral subvalvular — LV dilatation and reduced systolic function No Stable — Asymptomatic at 6 months of life 24 Davidson et al. (2006) [15 ] 20 — — Apex RV — Pericardial effusion No Spontaneous resolution — Surgical treatment 25
Williams et al.(2009) [3 ] 21 5 × 5.5 mm Male RV — Pericardial effusion PC 24 w Mild tricuspid regurgitation at 31; CD stable Full-term delivery Asymptomatic at a year of life 26 Perlitz et al. (2009) [30 ] 22 7 × 4 mm Male RV lateral wall — No No Stable, CD growth up to 9 × 9 mm Eutocic delivery week 40; weight 4010 grams; asymptomatic at birth Asymptomatic at a year of life 27
Menahem (2010) [31 ] 19 — — Apex LV — Pericardial effusion — No controls performed Full-term live birth Asymptomatic at 10 months of life 28
Carrard et al. (2010) [32 ] 13 2.6 × 2.9 mm Male RV lateral wall 46XY First trimester NT 2.2 mm PC 17 w Resolution after PC; CD collapsed at 26 w Eutocic delivery 40 w, 2780 grams Asymptomatic at 11 months of life 29
Abi-Nader et al. (2009) [2 ] 22 3-4 mm Male RV 46XY Pericardial effusion No Resolution at 32-33 w PROM 34 w; Intubation due to prematurity; caesarean section; weight 2460 gr; 2 muscle IVCs Asymptomatic at 14 months of life 30 Abi-Nader et al. (2009) [2 ] 21 11 × 15 mm Male RV lateral wall below tricuspid valve — Isolated — — Eutocic delivery; weight 2780 gr; asymptomatic at birth Asymptomatic at 16 months of life 31 Abi-Nader et al. (2009) [2 ] 25 26 × 16 mm (37 s) Male RV — Arrhythmia and reduced systolic function Induced delivery — Caesarean section 38 + 5 w; weight 3270 grams; mild reduction of systolic function and premature ventricular contractions at birth Asymptomatic at 3 years of life, on prophylactic treatment with acetyl salicylic acid 32
Williams et al. (2009) [3 ] 17 — Apex LV Normal Mesocardia, perimembranous IVC No Stable Full-term live birth Asymptomatic at 2 years of life 33
Paoletti and Robertson (2012) [20 ] 21 1.6 × 0.4 mm — Apex LV Normal Defect on thoracoabdominal midline TOP — — — 34
Nam et al. (2010) [21 ] 31 12 mm (postnatal) RV lateral wall below tricuspid valve — — No Ventricular septal defect Full-term live birth; asymptomatic at birth; symptoms at 45 days of life: closure of septal defect at 3 months of life Asymptomatic at 10 months of life 35 Our case 14 2 mm Male Apex RV 46XY Pericardial effusion PC 17 w PE resolution after treatment; CD stable; moderate cardiomegaly; normal heart function Full-term live birth; spontaneous eutocic delivery 40 + 1 w; weight 3150 grams Asymptomatic at 4 years of life
