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Case | Study | Patient age | Clinical presentation | Related medical history | Imaging findings | Associated OM of the uterus |
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1 | Bhatia and Hoshiko, 1982 [5] | 24 | Hypomenorrhea, and intermenstrual bleeding | One elective abortion | Pelvic x-ray showed foci of calcifications Pelvic CT showed an amorphous irregularly defined, lobulated, soft tissue density in the pelvis with central areas of calcification Transvaginal ultrasound could not be inserted beyond cervical canal because of hard resistance | Yes |
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2 | Bedaiwy et al., 2001 [6] | 31 | Passing small pieces of white hard material and dyspareunia | Two abortions, one elective and another spontaneous. CIN stage III treated with LEEP | Transvaginal ultrasound revealed a dense echogenic area in the cervix and the lower uterine segment consistent with calcification | No |
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3 | Sabatini et al., 2001 [7] | 22 | Postcoital bleeding and dyspareunia | One previous elective abortion and CIN stage II which was treated | NA | No |
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4 | Cicinelli et al., 2005 [8] | 41 | Pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea and primary infertility | Current endocervctis with group B strep | NA | No |
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5 | Polat et al., 2011 [9] | 31 | Infertility | Two previous elective abortions | Transvaginal ultrasound examination showed a highly echogenic focus that extended from the cervical region through the posterior wall of the endometrium. | Yes |
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6 | Mandato et al., 2012 [10] | 19 | Vaginal discharge | One spontaneous abortion, HIV and HPV infections, and recurrent vaginitis | NA | No |
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7 | Giannella et al., 2014 [11] | 25 | Hypomenorrhea, intermenstrual bleeding, and pelvic pain | Underwent LEEP 12 months ago for high grade CIN | Transvaginal ultrasound showed an image compatible with hematometra | No |
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8 | Elkattan et al., 2015 [12] | 30 | Infertility, postcoital bleeding, and dyspareunia | NA | NA | No |
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9 | Alsaqobi and Al- Brahim, 2018 (the present study) | 23 | Irregular vaginal bleeding, vaginal discharge, abdominal pain and an unusual sensation of a mass | NA | Transvaginal ultrasound showed a hyperechoic cervix | No |
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