Source Type of study Subjects Pain etiologies and causes Therapy session data Effects on pain Marineo (2003) [7 ] Prospective 11 adult patients; mean age: 63.5 y. Cancer related pain 45-minute daily treatment for 10 consecutive days. 9 (81.8%) of the patients suspended painkillers within the first 5 applications.
Sabato et al. (2005) [2 ] Prospective 226 adult patients. Neuropathic pain 1–6 cycles of 5 treatments (each treatment 30 min). 80.09% patients: pain relief >50%; 10.18% partially responders (pain relief 25–49%) and 9.73% of no responders (pain relief <24% or VAS >3).
Smith et al. (2010) [1 ] Prospective 16 adult patients; mean age: 58.6 y. Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy 60-minute daily treatment for 10 consecutive days. 64% chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy pain score reduction from start to the end (10th day) of the study.
Ricci et al. (2012) [9 ] Prospective 73 adult patients; mean age: 66 y. Cancer-derived pain and non-cancer-derived pain 30-minute daily treatment for 10 consecutive days. Pain score decreased by 74% at 10th day of treatment.
Marineo et al. (2012) [4 ] Prospective and randomized trial 52 adult patients were randomized; ST group Chronic neuropathic pain 45-minute daily treatment for 10 consecutive days. At one month, the mean VAS score was reduced from 8 to 0.7 points (−91%) and from 8.1 to 5.8 (−28%) in the control group.
Ko et al. (2013) [5 ] Case series: 3 3 patients: 70–75 y. Postherpetic neuralgia 50 minutes daily for 10 consecutive days. After treatment, pain decreased by 50%.
Park et al. (2013) [10 ] Case series: 3 3 patients: 49–56 y. Cancer pain 40 minutes daily for 10 consecutive days. After ST, pain decreased by 50% or more.
Coyne et al. (2013) [6 ] Prospective 39 adult patients; mean age 56.5 y. Cancer pain syndromes and chronic chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy 45-minute daily treatment for 10 consecutive days. Pain scores reduced from 6.6 before treatment to 4.5 at 14 days, 4.6, 4.8, and 4.6 at 1, 2, and 3 months.
Moon et al. (2015) [12 ] A multicentre analysis 147 adult patients; mean age: 37.6 y. Neuropathic, nociceptive, and mixed pain A minimum of either 3 therapies on consecutive days or 5 therapies overall.
38.1% patients: ≥50% pain relief.
Starkweather et al. (2015) [13 ] Double-blinded, randomized controlled trial 30 adult patients were randomized; ST group Low back pain 30-minute sessions were administered over 10 working days or until the participant reported no pain. In the Calmare group, 47% participants had a >50% reduction in the “worst” pain score from baseline to the 3-week follow-up visit; 33% participants had a 30–49% reduction, and 20% had a 20–29% reduction.
Pachman et al. (2015) [3 ] Prospective 37 adult patients; mean age: 58 y. Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy 30-minute daily treatment for 10 consecutive days. 53% reduction in pain score from baseline to day 10.
Notaro et al. (2015) [8 ] Prospective 25 patients; mean age: 62. Pain induced by bone and visceral metastases and refractory to standard therapies 30/40-minute daily treatment for 10 consecutive days. 100%: ≥50% pain relief.
