Catatonia in Older Adult Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities

Table 2

Catatonia scales.

Review	Sienaert et al. [21] completed an excellent review of the published catatonia scales. Kirkhart et al. [22] presented a more critical view of scales and diagnostic criteria.
List of catatonia scales	(i) Rogers Catatonia Scale [23] and its modifications [24–26]
	(ii) Bush-Francis Catatonia Rating Scale [27, 28]
	(iii) Northoff Catatonia Rating Scale [29]
	(iv) Braunig Catatonia Rating Scale [30]
	(v) KANNER scale [31]
Description of KANNER scale	It was developed by Carroll et al. [31] as a “unifying instrument” that could be used across all neuropsychiatric illnesses and consists of three parts.
	(i) Part 1 is used to screen for the presence or absence of catatonia while Parts 2 and 3 are used to monitor symptoms across time.
	(ii) Part 1 is an 11-item screening mnemonic.
	(iii) Part 2: if two or more signs are detected using Part 1 of the scale, Part 2 of the KANNER scale is used, which consists of 18 questions that provide a score between 0 and 144. Nurses or other health providers who are in close contact with the patient usually score Part 2.
	(iv) Part 3 can be used by a psychiatrist to monitor catatonic signs.