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Authors | Country | Sex | Age | Cause of perforation | | Signs and symptoms | Imaging findings | Treatment | Follow-up |
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Chao et al. [2] | Australia | M | 76 y | Esophageal botulinum toxin injection for achalasia | 1 week | Chest pain, SIRS | Pseudoaneurysm of the descending aorta with mediastinal abscess | Endovascular stent graft, antibiotics | Discharge, follow-up for 4 months with no symptoms |
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Chen et al. [14] | China | F | 57 y | Fish bone | 6 days | Chest discomfort, chills, emesis, dysphagia, SIRS | Pseudoaneurysm in the aortic isthmus, mediastinal abscess, bilateral pleural effusion | Antibiotics, resection of the pseudoaneurysm, resection of the esophagus | Discharge, but suicide a year later |
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Chen et al. [14] | China | M | 54 y | Fish bone | 6 days | Chest pain, hematemesis, SIRS | Pseudoaneurysm in the aortic isthmus, mediastinal abscess, bilateral pleural effusion | Endovascular stent graft, antibiotics, bilateral thoracostomy | Discharge, follow-up for 2 months with no symptoms |
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Choi et al. [22] | South Korea | M | 31 y | Fish bone | 3 days after fish bone removal | Fever | Aortic rupture | Endovascular stent graft, esophageal resection | Discharge, follow-up for 4 months with no symptoms |
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Chen et al. [23] | China | M | 22 y | Chicken bone | 1 week | Chest discomfort, hematemesis, leukocytosis | Esophageal-mediastinal fistula surrounded by inflammatory exudate Pseudoaneurysm of the descending aorta | Endovascular stent graft, esophageal stent, mediastinal debridement | Discharge, the esophageal stent was removed 80 days after surgery; follow-up for 6 months with no symptoms |
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Kunishige et al. [1] | Japan | F | 79 y | Fish bone | 11 days after fish bone removal | Hematemesis, SIRS, positive PCR | Pseudoaneurysm of the aortic arch with no fistulous tract with the esophagus | Esophageal hemostasia, antibiotics, thoracotomy with mediastinal debridement; the space was filled with omentum from colon and stomach | Discharge, follow-up for 2 months with no symptoms |
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Sia et al. [24] | Malaysia | M | 54 y | Fish bone | 1 week | Hematemesis, odynophagia, dysphagia, fever | Saccular outpouching (pseudoaneurysm) of the descending aorta Mediastinal abscess | Endovascular stent graft, antibiotics | Esophageal reconstruction was not possible because the patient died due to sepsis |
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Sica et al. [17] | United Kingdom | F | 57 y | Fish bone | 1 week | Chest pain, SIRS, positive PCR | Abscess in the superior mediastinum, contrast leakage from the aorta into the mediastinum | Antibiotics, thoracotomy with debridement of the mediastinal tissue, aortic homograft patch, resection of the esophagus | Discharge, follow-up for 12 months with no symptoms |
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