Treatment of Congenital Absence of the Mammary Gland

Figure 3

Preoperative view: (a) The quantity of skin was insufficient in the area above the nipple on the affected side. The center of the inserted tissue expander was positioned 2 cm above the nipple. Postoperative view: (b) Incision was 4 cm long and positioned at the expected inframammary fold after reconstruction. A tissue expander was inserted into the submuscular layer. Initial volume of the tissue expander was 50 mL (c).