The Effects of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on Premature Ventricular Contractions and Ventricular Wall Stress in Patients with Heart Failure and Sleep Apnea

Table 1

Baseline characteristics and other demographics of the study and control groups.

	Groups
	Study group	Control group	value
	(n = 40) (%)	(n = 40) (%)
Age (years)	58.4 ± 8.14	59.18 ± 7.97	0.67
Gender
Female	8 (20)	9 (22.5)	0.79
Male	32 (80)	31 (77.5)
Body mass index (kg/m)	28.63 ± 3.16	27.88 ± 2.63	0.25
Cause of congestive heart failure
Ischemic	32 (80)	28 (70)	0.30
Nonischemic	8 (20)	12 (30)
Primary or secondary ICD
ICD for primary protection	25 (62.5)	31 (77.5)	0.14
ICD for secondary protection	15 (37.5)	9 (22.5)
Polysomnography characteristics
Apnea/hypopnea index	35.85 ± 8.61	32.45 ± 8.88	0.09
Total sleep time (minutes)	341.75 ± 45.45	337.65 ± 45	0.69
Arousals/h sleep time	29.25 ± 8.18	28.73 ± 8.95	0.79
Mean O2 saturation (%)	93.08 ± 1.27	93.35 ± 1.35	0.35
Minimum O2 saturation (%)	78.98 ± 2.9	79.95 ± 2.91	0.14
Epworth sleepiness scale	10.51 ± 4.82	10.73 ± 5.23	0.74
Heart rate (beats per minute)	68.3 ± 6.46	68.7 ± 6.31	0.78
Blood pressure (mmHg)
Systolic	131.13 ± 7.02	128.25 ± 7.39	0.08
Diastolic	76.5 ± 8.02	76 ± 7.18	0.77
Echocardiography characteristics
Ejection fraction (%)	30.2 ± 4.36	30.78 ± 4.7	0.57
Left ventricular end diastolic diameter (mm)	61.53 ± 4.31	61.68 ± 4.7	0.88
Left atrium diameter (mm)	39.25 ± 3.18	39.5 ± 3.35	0.73
Creatinine (mg/dL)	1.21 ± 0.28	1.17 ± 0.25	0.42
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	12.22 ± 2.03	12.45 ± 1.06	0.54
Atrial fibrillation
No	39 (97.5)	37 (92.5)	0.62
Yes	1 (2.5)	3 (7.5)
ICD shock appropriate
No	35 (87.5)	31 (77.5)	0.24
Yes	5 (12.5)	9 (22.5)
ICD shock inappropriate
No	39 (97.5)	37 (92.5)	0.62
Yes	1 (2.5)	3 (7.5)