Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Table 1

Risk factors for development of contrast-induced nephropathy.

Nonmodifiable	Modifiable
Patient-related factors
Age
Diabetes mellitus with CRF
Preexisting renal failure	Volume depletion
Congestive heart failure	Anemia, PCI related blood loss
Hemodynamic instability	Nephrotoxic drug use
Nephrotic syndrome	Low serum albumin
Renal transplant
Procedure-related factors
IABP	Volume of contrast media
Emergent/primary PCI	Multiple administration of CM within 72 hours
Intraarterial CM administration	Osmolality and ionicity of CM

CM, contrast media; CRF, chronic renal failure; IABP, intra-aortic balloon pump; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention.