Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Table 5

List of agents assessed for prevention of CIN and the literature available on each.

Agent	Mechanism	Comment
Dopamine [93–95]	Renal vasodilatation	No clear benefit
		Deleterious in PVD
Fenoldopam [96–98]	Selective dopa 1 receptor agonist	No clear benefit
		May be intrarenal at higher doses
Theophylline [95, 99–101]	Adenosine receptor antagonist	No clear benefit
Calcium Channel Blockers [102–104]	Relieve vasoconstriction	No clear benefit
Prostaglandin E [105]	Vasodilatation	May be beneficial
Ascorbic Acid [106]	Antioxidant	May be beneficial
ANP [107]	Vasodilatation	No benefit
Hemodialysis [108, 109]	Removal of offending agent	No benefit
Hemofiltration [110, 111]	Continuous	May be beneficial