Noninvasive Detection of Left-Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction by Acoustic Cardiography in Atrial Fibrillation

Table 1

Demographic and clinical characteristics.

Parameter	No Afib, No LVSD (𝑁=52)	No Afib, LVSD (𝑁=103)	Afib, No LVSD (𝑁=17)	Afib, LVSD (𝑁=22)
Age (years)	63.8±11.6,27−81	62.0±12.0,22−86	66.7±11.2,43−85	67.7±10.4,43−85^∗
Male (%)	63%	67%	82%	82%
Height (cm)	170±10,141−190	169±9.1,149−196	173±11,152−192	172±10.6,150−190
Weight (kg)	80.1±19.4,52−148	78.9±15.0,51−117	91.4±24.4,49−160	86.5±22.0,53−132
Heart rate (bpm)	75.3±16.0,42−129	74.5±14.9,43−142	99.0±28.6,56−149^∗	90.7±14.8,68−119^∗
QRS duration (ms)	96.4±16.1,59−143	121±36.1,68−235^∧	90.2±9.8,74−102	110±26.1,81−171^∧
QTc interval (ms)	418±28.7,319−465	430±32.8,372−528^∧	407±29.1,374−466	404±33.4,321−483^∗
EMAT (ms)	83.7±16.5,58−164	100±19.7,60−164^∧	101±16.8,79−147^∗	116±20.5,88−164^∧∗
SDI	3.2±1.6,0.8−7.4	4.9±2.6,0.7−10^∧	3.8±0.7,2.7−4.6	6.0±2.1,2.9−10^∧
LV EDP (mmHg)	19.9±6.5,4−37	18.6±7.6,4−39	16.4±7.4,5−27	15.1±6.6,8−37^∗
LV max (dP/dt) (mmHg/s)	2039±301,1608−2928	1189±238,480−1584^∧	2090±342,1632−2832	1201±254,648−1584^∧
LV ejection fraction (%)	62.3±14.0,19−83	43.4±18.3,8−84^∧	57.1±21.1,10−86	40.7±19.2,15−81^∧
EDV (ml)	116±35.3,51−206	155±63.4,47−337^∧	107±32.5,50−146	144±59.7,25−264^∧
ESV (ml)	51.1±24.3,18−135	96.0±56.8,19−261^∧	49.9±29.5,19−113	97.5±59.7,40−186^∧

Afib: atrial fibrillation; LV EDP: left ventricular end-diastolic pressure; EDV: end-diastolic volume; EMAT: electromechanical activation time; ESV: end-systolic volume; LVSD: left ventricular systolic dysfunction, defined as LV max(dP/dt) < 1600 mmHg/s; SDI: systolic dysfunction index.
^∧𝑃<.05 compared across LV systolic dysfunction groups; ^∗𝑃<.05. No Afib compared to Afib within the same LV systolic dysfunction group.