Fish Consumption Moderates Depressive Symptomatology in Elderly Men and Women from the IKARIA Study

Table 3

Demographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics, by depression status.

	GDS score; depression status
	<5; normal	5–10; moderate	11–15; severe	𝑃
Number of participants	381	243	26
Age (years)	74±9	74±7	77±7	.256
Body mass index (kg/m^2)	28.3±4	28.4±4	28.1±4	.967
Current Smoking habits (𝑛, %)	18%	18%	15%	.948
Education status (years)	8±4	8±4	6±3	.038
Physical inactivity (%)	89	86	75	.001
Male gender (%)	57%	42%	19%	.001
Hypertension (%)	68	74	71	.199
Hypercholesterolemia (%)	66	69	54	.253
Diabetes mellitus (%)	26	32	42	.062
Creatinine Clearance (mL/min)	72±24	69±24	64±21	.201
Systolic Blood pressure (mm Hg)	143±19	144±22	140±20	.467
Diastolic Blood Pressure (mm Hg)	79±12	80±12	75±10	.177
History of Cardiovascular disease (%)	19	21	42	.031
Total Cholesterol (mg/dL)	196.6±42	199±40	199±45	.557
HDL-C (mg/dL)	46±11	47±12	45±13	.582
LDL-C (mg/dL)	123±34	125±33	115±33	.341
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	139±79	142±67	148±74	.781
Fish (times/week)	2.64±2.1	2.28±1.84	1.95±1.5	.001
MedDietScore (0–55)	34.81±3.5	34.9±3.2	35±3.3	.736

Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation.