Review Article

Current Ablation Strategies for Persistent and Long-Standing Persistent Atrial Fibrillation

Figure 1

Three-dimensional reconstruction of the left atrium using the CARTO 3 map system (Biosence Webster, USA) showing large circumferential ablation lesions around both ipsilateral veins. In this example, additional radiofrequency energy was applied on the interpulmonary isthmus following the large circumferential lesion creating a “figure of eight” model. LSPV: left superior pulmonary vein; LIPV: left inferior pulmonary vein; RSPV: right superior pulmonary vein; RIPV: right inferior pulmonary vein.
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