Table 1: Studies identified in PUBMED, MEDLINE search.

Study Subjects(Control) Year Cytokines measured %∆ VO2 Mode of Exercise Adamapoulos et al. [23] 12 2001 Soluble adhesion molecules 13 Home bike Adamopoulos et al. [12] 24 2002 TNF-alpha, Interleukin-6 15 Home bike Conraads et al. [16] 23 (12) 2002 TNF-alpha, Interleukin-6 7.5 Bike and resistance training Ferraz et al. [21]# 30 (10) 2004 TNF-alpha, Interleukin-6 23 Bike Gielen et al. [2] 20 (10) 2003 TNF-alpha, Interleukin-1, 6 and beta In both serum and skeletal muscle 29 Bike Karavidas et al. [24] 16 (8) 2006 TNF-alpha, Interleukin-6, 10 7.5* Electrical stimulation Larsen et al. [22]# 28 2001 TNF-alpha, Interleukin-6,8 8* Aerobic endurance training and home bike Larsen et al. [25] 25 2008 Plasma Chromogranin A (CgA) 8* Aerobic endurance training and home bike Laoutaris et al. [26] 38 2007 TNF-alpha, Interleukin-6 12 Low versus high intensity inspiratory muscle training LeMaitre et al. [17]# 46 2004 TNF-alpha, Interleukin-6 3 Bike and electrical stimulation Niebauer et al. [27] 18 (9) 2005 TNF-alpha Interleukin-6, e-selectin 11 Bike Smart [28]# 22 2008 TNF-alpha, Interleukin-6, brain natriurietic peptide (BNP) 20 Bike Xu et al. [18] 60 (28) 2002 TNF-alpha Unknown Unknown

*% change in 6-minute walk distance (Peak VO2 not measured). #Study used in this paper.