Research Article

Lifestyle Practices and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in the Elderly: The Leisure World Cohort Study

Table 3

Hazard Ratios (HRs) for cardiovascular disease mortality by lifestyle practices, Leisure World Cohort Study, 1981–2007, men by age group.

No.Model 1*Model 2*No.Model 1*Model 2*No.Model 1*Model 2*No.Model 1*Model 2*

HR95% CIHR95% CIHR95% CIHR95% CIHR95% CIHR95% CIHR95% CIHR95% CI

Age at entry <70 years ( 𝑛 = 1 2 2 4 )Age at entry 70–74 years ( 𝑛 = 1 2 0 7 )Age at entry 75–79 years ( 𝑛 = 1 2 8 9 )Age at entry 80+ years ( 𝑛 = 1 1 3 2 )

Smoking

Never4021.001.003721.001.004241.001.004201.001.00
Past6551.150.95–1.391.190.97–1.447091.000.84–1.180.950.79–1.137751.160.99–1.351.130.96–1.326731.201.03–1.411.24
Current1672.081.59–2.732.311.72–3.101261.571.17–2.091.471.09–2.00901.200.87–1.671.411.00–1.99391.771.13–2.762.20

Alcohol consumption drinks/day

02651.001.002241.001.002721.001.002871.001.00
<=12800.940.74–1.200.910.71–1.172960.970.76–1.231.030.81–1.313110.880.72–1.080.990.80–1.223200.870.71–1.060.81
2-33500.630.49–0.810.640.49–0.833250.840.67–1.070.980.76–1.253530.900.74–1.100.940.76–1.162830.860.70–1.050.77
4+3290.840.66–1.080.750.58–0.963620.910.72–1.150.950.74–1.213530.780.64–0.960.770.62–0.962420.670.53–0.840.67

Caffeine consumption mg/day

<502741.001.003141.001.003531.001.003551.001.00
50–991821.120.85–1.491.160.87–1.541741.110.87–1.411.020.80–1.322090.980.79–1.220.930.74–1.151610.970.76–1.241.06
100–1992651.120.87–1.451.150.89–1.502930.870.70–1.080.880.70–1.092870.870.71–1.060.890.73–1.092721.020.83–1.241.00
200–3993270.960.75–1.231.110.86–1.433190.930.75–1.140.970.78–1.203500.780.64–0.940.750.61–0.922600.800.65–0.990.86
400+1760.980.73–1.320.930.66–1.271070.900.66–1.230.880.64–1.22900.800.57–1.100.860.61–1.20841.000.73–1.371.09

Active activities hrs/day

None1791.001.002081.001.001891.001.003061.001.00
<1/23290.970.73–1.301.010.76–1.363470.750.59–0.940.730.57–0.935230.740.59–0.920.730.58–0.913580.900.74–1.100.90
3/4–14561.240.95–1.621.310.99–1.724140.670.53–0.840.670.53–0.844190.690.56–0.860.660.52–0.82 3360.750.61–0.910.78
2+2600.890.65–1.211.030.75–1.412380.560.43–0.730.580.44–0.752580.650.51–0.830.710.55–0.911320.770.59–1.010.78

Other activities hrs/day

<22741.001.002611.001.003211.001.003411.001.00
2-34010.760.60–0.960.740.58–0.944470.840.68–1.030.850.69–1.054740.880.73–1.060.920.76–1.114530.810.68–0.970.80
4-53280.870.68–1.110.910.71–1.163020.760.61–0.950.830.66–1.053210.830.68–1.010.880.72–1.082190.890.72–1.110.90
6+2210.890.68–1.150.820.63–1.081970.770.59–0.990.790.61–1.031730.840.66–1.060.960.75–1.221190.620.47–0.820.67

Body mass index kg/m2

<18.5111.410.45–4.401.750.55–5.57142.841.41–5.742.761.34–5.67201.330.73–2.431.480.80–2.71361.230.80–1.901.12
18.5–24.96241.001.007251.001.008361.001.008131.001.00
25–29.95301.241.04–1.481.321.10–1.584321.171.00–1.381.201.02–1.423971.090.94–1.271.060.91–1.242640.810.68–0.970.86
30+591.140.76–1.711.110.73–1.67361.550.98–2.471.500.94–2.40360.970.62–1.521.020.64–1.61191.640.96–2.801.40

*Model 1: adjusted for age at entry; Model 2: adjusted for age at entry, smoking, alcohol, caffeine, active activities, other activities, body mass index, high blood pressure, angina, heart attack, stroke, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer