Physiologic and Clinical Principles behind Noninvasive Resuscitation Techniques and Cardiac Output Monitoring

Table 2

Comparison of noninvasive techniques for hemodynamic monitoring.

Technique	Continuous	Operator dependent	Initial cost	Need for lead replacement	Supportive clinical literature for bedside hemodynamics	Correlation with TD
Ultrasound	N	+++	+++	N	+++	+++
TCDU	N	++	++	N	++	++
TEB	Y	+	++	Y	+++	++
BR	Y	+	++	Y	++	+++

Y: yes, N: No, +: fair, ++: moderate, +++: high.
TCDU: Transcutaneous Doppler ultrasound, TEB: Thoracic Electric Bioimpedance, BR: Bioreactance.