Current Status of Mechanical Circulatory Support: A Systematic Review

Table 4

Risk factors for death in 4,366 primary implant patients: 06/2006–06/2011 (with permission from: The Fourth INTERMACS Annual Report) [32].

Risk factors	Early hazard; HR	Early hazard; P value	Constant hazard; HR	Constant hazard; P value
Age, older	1.54^a	<0.0001	1.30^a	0.0001
BSA, larger	1.48^b	0.0006
Female			1.36	0.01
History of:
CABG	1.84	<0.0001
Valve surgery	1.81	0.0007
CVA	1.74	0.005
Bilirubin, higher	1.10^c	<0.0001
Creatinine, higher	1.16^d	0.01
BUN, higher			1.08^e	0.001
RA pressure, higher	1.21^f	0.0004
Ascites	1.55	0.007
Pulmonary hypertension			1.49	0.03
Intermacs:
Level 1	2.87	<0.0001
Level 2	1.84	0.001	1.35	0.01
Bridge to candidacy			1.38	0.009
Destination therapy			1.38	0.009
Pulsatile-flow LVAD			3.01	<0.0001
BiVAD	3.27	<0.0001
Concomitant surgery	1.36	0.01

BiVAD: biventricular assist device; BSA: body surface area; BUN: blood area nitrogen; CABG: coronary artery bypass grafting; CVA: cerebral vascular accident; HR: hazard ratio; INTERMACS: Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support;
LVAD: left ventricular assist device; RA: right atrial.
The hazard ratio denotes the increased risk: ^afrom age 70 to 80; ^bof a 0.5-unit increase in BSA; ^cof a 1.0-unit increase in bilirubin; ^dof a 1.0-unit increase in creatinine; ^eof a 10-unit increase in BUN; and ^fof a 5.0-unit increase in RA pressure.