Transcatheter Closure of Atrial Septal Defects in Children, Middle-Aged Adults, and Older Adults: Failure Rates, Early Complications; and Balloon Sizing Effects

Table 1

Patients’ baseline characteristics (𝑛=665).

	Overall (𝑛=665)	Children and adolescents (<18 years) (𝑛=183)	Young and middle-aged adults (18–50 years) (𝑛=337)	Older adults (>50 years) (𝑛=145)
Age at presentation (years)	32.7; (0.6–80.5)	8.1; (0.6–18)	34.6; (13–49)	59.1; (37–80)
Waiting period prior to procedure (months)	3.14; (0.1–53)	3.6; (0.5–53)	3.1; (0.5–44)	2.6; (0.5–19)
Age at time of procedure (years)	33.5; (1.2–80.6)	8.8; (1.2–18)	35.5; (18.1–49.9)	59.8; (50–80.6)
Weight (kg)	47.9; (9.4–106)	28.3; (9.4–71)	54.9; (28.6–106.5)	56.2; (35.0–86.7)
Height (cm)	148.9; (65–187)	125.3; (75–178)	159.1; (108–186)	156.1; (140–187)
ASD diameter by TEE (mm)	22.1±7.3	17.8±0.7	23.9±6.5	23.4±6.4
Device size (mm)	26.2±7.5; 27 (6–40)	20.8±7.9; 20 (6–40)	28.2±6.2; 28 (10–40)	28.2±6.6; 28 (6–40)
Intraprocedural method for confirming the size of defect
Exclusive TEE	159; (23.9%)	52; (28.4%)	68; (20.2%)	35; (26.9%)
Exclusive ICE	39; (5.8%)	8; (4.3%)	25; (7.4%)	6; (4.1%)
Balloon sizing and TEE	454; (68.2%)	122; (66.6%)	235; (69.7%)	97; (66.9%)
Balloon sizing and ICE	13; (1.9%)	1; (0.5%)	9; (2.7%)	3; (2.1%)
Pulmonary artery systolic pressure (mmHg)	38.6; (19–100)	34.5; (30–57)	40.7; (19.3–100)	43.8; (19–90)
Mean pulmonary artery pressure (mmHg)	21.2; (7–48)	18.6; (11–30)	21.9; (11–48)	23.4; (12–45)
Qp : Qs	3.4; (1.1–26)	2.7; (1.5–16)	3.7; (1.1-20)	3.5; (1.1–26)
Procedural time (min)	56.7; (20–180)	61.7; (20–135)	54.4; (20–180)	56.3; (20–150)
Fluoroscopy time (min)	12.7; (5–100)	14.2; (3–100)	11.7; (3–44)	13.1; (3–70)
Hospital LOS (days)	1.56; (1–88)	2.4; (1–88)	1.3; (1–30)	1.2; (1-2)

Values are expressed as mean ± SD, median (range) and 𝑛 (% within group).