Gender Differences in the Influence of Social Support on One-Year Changes in Functional Status in Older Patients with Heart Failure
Table 2
(a) Baseline characteristics of participants (completers and noncompleters). (b) Clinical characteristics of participants (completers and noncompleters).
(a)
Women
Men
Age
(mean, SD)
78.1 (7.0)
77.8 (7.0)
.109
(%)
(%)
Marital status
Single/widowed/divorced
108 (65.9)
72 (26.6)
<.001
Married/common-law
56 (34.1)
199 (73.4)
Highest educational level
Completed high school
127 (77.4)
210 (77.5)
.907
Completed postsecondary
33 (20.1)
53 (19.6)
Missing
4 (2.4)
8 (3.0)
Current living arrangements
Living alone
75 (45.7)
53 (19.6)
<.001
Living with others
88 (53.7)
218 (80.4)
Missing
1 (.6)
—
Geographical distance from centre
≤50 km
151 (92.1)
239 (88.2)
.198
>50 km
13 (7.9)
32 (11.8)
Annual combined income
<.001
≤$40,000
111 (67.7)
144 (53.1)
>$40,000
28 (17.1)
89 (38.8)
Missing
25 (15.2)
38 (14.0)
Use of other resources to manage HFa
.168
No
117 (71.3)
176 (64.9)
Yes
47 (28.7)
95 (35.1)
a
Use of resources to manage HF includes pamphlets, books, and/or the Internet.a: resources include books, pamphlets, and the Internet.
(b)
Women
Men
Major criteria
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
37 (22.8)
71 (26.6)
.385
Orthopnea
62 (38.0)
110 (41.4)
.496
Elevated jugular venous pressure
69 (42.9)
125 (47.3)
.367
Pulmonary rales
129 (79.6)
208 (72.9)
.673
Third heart sound
10 (6.1)
22 (8.3)
.402
Cardiomegaly
76 (46.6)
139 (52.3)
.258
Minor criteria
Pulmonary edema on chest radiograph
76 (47.2)
107 (40.4)
.167
Peripheral edema
88 (54.3)
166 (62.2)
.109
Night cough
37 (23.1)
57 (21.4)
.683
Dyspnea on exertion
124 (77.0)
213 (80.4)
.408
Hepatomegaly
3 (1.9)
9 (3.4)
.359
Pleural effusion
60 (36.8)
104 (39.1)
.636
Heart rate > 120
18 (11.3)
34 (12.8)
.646
Wgt loss > 4.5 kg in 5 days in response to diuretics
3 (1.9)
10 (3.8)
Framingham Criteria meta
.219
No
19 (11.6)
22 (8.1)
Yes
143 (87.2)
248 (91.5)
Missing
2 (1.2)
1 (.4)
LV ejection fraction
.006
≤40%
54 (32.9)
126 (46.5)
>40%
81 (49.4)
103 (38.0)
Missing
29 (17.7)
42 (15.5)
Comorbid conditionsb
.068
0–2 comorbidities
72 (43.9)
139 (51.3)
>2 comorbidities
78 (47.6)
103 (38.0)
Missing
14 (8.5)
29 (10.7)
aDiagnosis of CHF requires the simultaneous presence of at least 2 major criteria or 1 major in conjunction with 2 minor criteria which is outlined by the Framingham Criteria for congestive heart failure.
bThe functional comorbidity index is an 18-item list of diagnoses associated with functional impairment.Median number of comorbidities for both females and males was 2.0.
