Markers of Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Metabolic Syndrome in a Multiethnic Sample of US Adults: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2008

Table 3

Association between sleep variables and metabolic syndrome levels by gender.

Sleep summary; score	Sample size; (Metabolic syndrome %)	Age-adjusted OR (95% CI)	Multivariable adjusted* OR (95% CI)
Men
0	1011 (28.5)	1 (referent)	1 (referent)
1	1298 (38.4)	1.54 (1.17–2.02)	1.57 (1.19–2.07)
2	645 (46.0)	2.09 (1.63–2.68)	2.18 (1.69–2.82)
≥3	218 (50.3)	2.74 (1.98–3.79)	2.91 (2.12–4.01)
𝑃-trend		<0.0001	<0.0001
Women
0	1199 (25.7)	1 (referent)	1 (referent)
1	1126 (41.9)	2.03 (1.56–2.64)	2.01 (1.55–2.59)
2	455 (47.8)	2.72 (2.19–3.38)	2.52 (2.04–3.11)
≥3	170 (65.0)	6.14 (4.16–9.07)	5.28 (3.54–7.87)
𝑃-trend		<0.0001	<0.0001

*Adjusted for age (years), race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, Mexican Americans, others), education (below high school, high school, above high school), smoking (never smoker, former smoker, current smoker), alcohol intake (never, former, current moderate, current heavy), moderate physical activity (absent, present), and depression (absent, present).