Markers of Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Metabolic Syndrome in a Multiethnic Sample of US Adults: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2008
Table 4
Association between sleep variables and metabolic syndrome levels by race/ethnicity.
Sleep summary score
Sample Size (Metabolic syndrome %)
Age, sex-adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)
Multivariable adjusted* odds ratio (95% CI)
Non-Hispanic Whites
0
1143 (28.9)
1 (referent)
1 (referent)
1
1179 (41.9)
1.76 (1.36–2.29)
1.76 (1.36–2.28)
2
536 (48.0)
2.31 (1.82–2.93)
2.25 (1.76–2.87)
≥3
189 (58.6)
4.08 (2.94–5.67)
3.71 (2.69–5.14)
-trend
<0.0001
<0.0001
Non-Hispanic Blacks
0
413 (21.2)
1 (referent)
1 (referent)
1
462 (33.5)
1.87 (1.35–2.59)
1.85 (1.33–2.58)
2
239 (39.6)
2.62 (1.60–4.29)
2.60 (1.60–4.23)
≥3
100 (45.0)
3.43 (2.00–5.91)
3.32 (1.90–5.79)
-trend
<0.0001
<0.0001
Mexican Americans and others
0
654 (21.3)
1 (referent)
1 (referent)
1
783 (36.1)
1.86 (1.26–2.75)
1.81 (1.22–2.69)
2
325 (45.7)
2.88 (1.96–4.23)
2.78 (1.87–4.14)
≥3
99 (59.2)
4.38 (4.49–7.70)
4.36 (2.45–7.75)
-trend
<0.0001
<0.0001
*Adjusted for age (years), gender (male, female), education (below high school, high school, above high school), smoking (never smoker, former smoker, current smoker), alcohol intake (never, former, current moderate, current heavy), moderate physical activity (absent, present), and depression (absent, present).
