The Diabetic Heart: Too Sweet for Its Own Good?

Table 1

Studies indicating the diabetic heart is more sensitive to ischemic injury compared to normoglycemic controls.

Study	Model	Ischemic protocol	Duration/onset of diabetes	Substrates	Model of diabetes	End points
Jones et al. (1999) [26]	db/db mouse	In vivo non recovery, 30 min regional ischemia/2 h reperfusion	In-bred strain	In vivo substrates	Type II diabetes	Infarction
Kersten et al. (2000) [27]	Dog, Alloxan (40 mg/kg) and STZ (25 mg/kg)	In vivo non recovery, 60 min regional ischemia/3 h reperfusion	3 weeks	In vivo substrates	Type I diabetes	Infarction
Kersten et al. (2000) [27]	Dog, Dextrose 15% to cause acute hyperglycaemia	In vivo non recovery, 60 min regional ischemia/3 h reperfusion	70 mins	In vivo substrates	Type I diabetes	Infarction
Lefer et al. (2001) [28]	db/db mouse	In vivo non recovery, 30 min regional ischemia/2 h reperfusion	In-bred strain	In vivo substrates	Type II diabetes	Infarction
Fiordaliso et al. (2001) [29]	Rat cardiomyocytes	—	1, 2, and 4 days of 25 mmol/L incubation in medium	—	Type I diabetes	Cell death
Marfella et al. (2002) [30]	Sprague-Dawley Rat, STZ (70 mg/kg i.v)	In vivo non recovery, 25 min regional ischemia/2 h reperfusion	9 days	In vivo substrates	Type I diabetes	Infarction and protein expression
Marfella et al. (2002) [30]	Sprague-Dawley Rat, isolated heart	Langendorff isolated heart, 25 min regional ischemia/2 hr reperfusion	—	33.3 mmol/L glucose	Type I diabetes	Infarction and protein expression
Ebel et al. (2003) [31]	Rabbit- 50% Dextrose infused 30 min prior to ischemia until reperfusion normoglycaemic rat-under intravenous	In vivo non recovery, 30 min regional ischemia/2 h reperfusion	hyperglycemia of 600 mgd1-1 throughout ischemia	In vivo substrates	Type I diabetes	Infarction
Su et al. (2007) [32]	infusion at a rate of 4 mL·kg–1·h–1: of glucose 500 g/l during ischemia, saline during reperfusion	In vivo non recovery, 30 min regional ischemia/6 h reperfusion	—	In vivo substrates	Type I diabetes	Infarction, apoptosis and kinase expression
Desrois et al. (2010) [33]	Aging Goto Kakizaki Rat, male	Langendorff isolated heart, 32 min low flow global ischemia/32 min reperfusion	In-bred strain	1.2 mM palmitate, 3% albumin, 11 mM glucose, 3 U/l insulin, 0.8 mM lactate, and 0.2 mM pyruvate.	Type II diabetes	Myocardial function