Vitamin D Predicts All-Cause and Cardiac Mortality in Females with Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Comparison with Brain Natriuretic Peptide and High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein

Table 1

Baseline characteristics of female patients arranged according to quartiles of 25(OH)D.

Characteristics 𝑛 (%)	Quartiles of 25(OH)D				𝑃 value
	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4
25(OH)D (nM)*	27.1±5.3	39.0±2.7	50.7±3.6	68.2±8.4	0.000
Age, years*	70.5±11.3	67.8±12.6	64.8±11.9	60.3±12.7	0.000
Smoking status, 𝑛 (%)					0.328
Current smoker, 𝑛 (%)	8 (8.3)	11 (11.3)	15 (15.5)	13 (13.7)
Past smoker, 𝑛 (%)	79 (82.3)	69 (71.1)	73 (75.3)	72 (75.8)
Never smoked, 𝑛 (%)	9 (9.4)	17 (17.5)	9 (9.3)	10 (10.5)
Angina pectoris, 𝑛 (%)	16 (16.3)	21 (21.4)	23 (23.2)	20 (20.4)	0.669
CHF, 𝑛 (%)
Killip class 2–4	24 (24.5)	21 (21.4)	9 (9.1)	17 (17.3)	0.031
History of previous MI, 𝑛 (%)	10 (10.2)	6 (6.1)	4 (4.0)	4 (4.1)	0.230
CABG, 𝑛 (%)	4 (4.1)	4 (4.1)	2 (2.0)	0 (0.0)	0.207
PCI, 𝑛 (%)	7 (7.1)	5 (5.1)	9 (9.1)	7 (7.1)	0.757
Hypertension, 𝑛 (%)	71 (72.4)	71 (72.4)	74 (74.7)	61 (62.2)	0.219
History of DM 1, 𝑛 (%)	2 (2.1)	1 (1.0)	1 (1.0)	0 (0.0)	0.566
History of DM 2, 𝑛 (%)	31 (32.0)	15 (15.5)	15 (15.2)	7 (7.2)	0.000
STEMI, 𝑛 (%)	11 (11.3)	8 (8.5)	12 (12.4)	9 (9.3)	0.804
TnT release, 𝑛 (%)	45 (45.9)	33 (33.7)	24 (24.5)	28 (28.6)	0.009
eGFR (μmol L^−1)*	74.6±32.7	78.9±30.9	83.3±30.3	77.8±26.2	0.240
Cholesterol^†/statin, 𝑛 (%)	18 (18.4)	17 (17.3)	13 (13.1)	19 (19.4)	0.664
Beta-blocker, 𝑛 (%)	21 (21.6)	26 (26.8)	28 (28.3)	25 (26.0)	0.742
Known CHD, 𝑛 (%)	22 (22.7)	30 (30.6)	29 (29.3)	25 (25.8)	0.594
BMI (kg/m^2)*	28.3±5.2	27.6±5.8	27.9±5.2	27.3±4.1	0.641
BNP quartiles					0.004
Q1	19 (19.4)	16 (16.3)	31 (31.3)	32 (32.7)
Q2	17 (17.3)	25 (25.5)	27 (27.3)	30 (30.6)
Q3	27 (27.6)	27 (27.6)	23 (23.2)	21 (21.4)
Q4	35 (35.7)	30 (30.6)	18 (18.2)	15 (15.3)
hsCRP quartiles					0.062
Q1	21 (21.6)	21 (21.4)	29 (29.3)	25 (25.5)
Q2	21 (21.6)	23 (23.5)	28 (28.3)	27 (27.6)
Q3	18 (18.6)	32 (32.7)	21 (21.2)	27 (27.6)
Q4	37 (38.1)	22 (22.4)	21 (21.2)	19 (19.4)

∗Mean ± SD.
^†Concentration > 250 mg/dL.
SD: standard deviation; 25(OH)D: 25-hydroxyvitamin D; CHF: congestive heart failure; MI: myocardial infarction; CABG: coronary artery bypass grafting; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; DM: diabetes mellitus; STEMI: ST-elevation myocardial infarction; TnT: troponin T; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; CHD: coronary heart disease; BMI: body mass index; BNP: B-type natriuretic peptide; and hsCRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.