The Personalization of Clopidogrel Antiplatelet Therapy: The Role of Integrative Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacometabolomics

Figure 2

The role of Systems Biology in Personalized Medicine. The figure elucidates how all “Omics” disciplines can provide phenotype biomarkers (disease or drug response biomarkers). Together with patient medical history and current clinical data, these biomarkers can help to personalize patient’s therapy. The metabolomics is the ultimate “Omics” that is close to the phenotype, as well as reflecting the perturbation in other “Omics.” This figure is adapted and modified with permission from the publisher. Original source: Louridas and Lourida (2012). Published by Hippokratia. All rights reserved [125].