Red Cell Distribution Width as a Novel Marker for Different Types of Atrial Fibrillation in Low and High Altitude

Table 3

Baseline characteristics in patients with AF at two altitudes.

	Low altitude (3.5 m)			High altitude (2260 m)
	PAF ()	PeAF ()	Control ()	PAF ()	PeAF ()	Control ()
Male (n %)	32.00 (41.60)	45.00 (57.00)	31.00 (43.10)	48.00 (62.30)	37.00 (52.90)	46.00 (48.40)	0.075
Age (years)	66.92 ± 12.61	68.89 ± 8.66	66.26 ± 10.54	67.23 ± 10.67	69.19 ± 8.17	69.28 ± 8.99	0.250
BMI (kg/m^2)	25.10 ± 4.02	25.74 ± 3.84	25.26 ± 2.83	25.18 ± 3.63	25.96 ± 3.18	25.97 ± 2.64	0.351
Smoking (n %)	11.00 (14.30)	11.00 (13.90)	5.00 (6.90)	12.00 (15.60)	13.00 (18.60)	11.00 (11.60)	0.434
Diabetes mellitus (n %)	11.00 (14.30)	20.00 (25.30)	10.00 (13.90)	16.00 (20.80)	14.00 (20.00)	14.00 (14.70)	0.340
Hypertension (n %)	46.00 (59.70)	51.00 (64.60)	48.00 (66.70)	55.00 (71.40)	49.00 (70.00)	64.00 (67.40)	0.704
Previous stroke (n %)	10.00 (13.00)	16.00 (20.30)	11.00 (15.30)	13.00 (16.90)	19.00 (27.10)	15.00 (15.80)	0.276
WBC (×10^9/L)	6.89 ± 1.92	6.82 ± 1.79	6.68 ± 1.74	5.56 ± 1.78^a	5.70 ± 1.28^a	5.72 ± 1.63^a	0.001
RBC (×10^12/L)	4.40 ± 0.53	4.51 ± 0.58	4.52 ± 0.44	4.90 ± 0.75^a	4.92 ± 0.59^a	4.92 ± 0.57^a	0.001
Hb (g/L)	138.48 ± 17.28	140.24 ± 19.85	140.67 ± 15.98	152.55 ± 19.45^a	152.79 ± 18.78^a	150.98 ± 17.28^a	0.001
RDW (%CV)	12.71 ± 0.74	12.98 ± 0.80^c	12.59 ± 0.58	13.52 ± 0.99^a	14.17 ± 1.16^abc	13.10 ± 0.85^a	0.001
HCT (%)	40.55 ± 4.75	41.97 ± 5.64	41.22 ± 4.47	46.13 ± 5.68^a	46.40 ± 5.64^a	45.82 ± 5.01^a	0.001
MCV (fL)	92.37 ± 5.12	93.24 ± 5.98^c	90.24 ± 9.69	94.69 ± 5.26^ac	94.42 ± 4.57	92.52 ± 9.75^a	0.002
MCHC (g/L)	341.39 ± 9.97	334.04 ± 10.52	341.13 ± 8.90	330.94 ± 10.05^a	329.47 ± 9.62^a	330.21 ± 9.44^a	0.001
Plt (×10^9/L)	227.84 ± 62.69	210.51 ± 52.50^b	222.13 ± 46.30	156.94 ± 49.28^ac	152.03 ± 56.06^ac	180.98 ± 47.62^a	0.001
MPV (fL)	9.37 ± 0.97	9.58 ± 1.02	9.33 ± 0.99	12.04 ± 1.44^a	12.29 ± 1.60^a	11.96 ± 1.26^a	0.001
Cr (μmol/L)	69.73 ± 32.44	70.83 ± 22.15	66.29 ± 17.65	81.05 ± 22.14^ac	79.16 ± 19.05^ac	63.47 ± 14.12	0.001
UA (mmol/L)	310.62 ± 94.97	339.70 ± 94.39	336.63 ± 87.22	362.09 ± 100.77^a	387.44 ± 127.74^c	331.38 ± 83.48	0.001
TBIL (μmol/L)	13.47 ± 6.07	15.79 ± 0.06^c	12.30 ± 4.18	16.43 ± 5.87^a	19.73 ± 9.57	16.93 ± 8.09	0.001
LAD (mm)	37.00 ± 6.48^c	43.82 ± 6.99^bc	33.78 ± 4.63	38.08 ± 4.95^c	45.43 ± 5.95^bc	34.21 ± 4.14	0.001
LVEDD (mm)	46.83 ± 5.34	49.81 ± 6.88^b	47.13 ± 5.38	45.97 ± 4.11	46.51 ± 5.34^a	46.01 ± 3.80	0.001
IVST (mm)	9.45 ± 2.25	9.58 ± 2.41	9.06 ± 1.87	10.48 ± 1.60^a	10.39 ± 1.37	9.88 ± 1.30^a	0.001
LVPWT (mm)	9.26 ± 2.18	9.17 ± 1.60	9.06 ± 3.09	10.21 ± 1.40^a	10.14 ± 1.20^a	9.66 ± 1.17	0.001
LVEF (%)	59.47 ± 6.63	54.00 ± 11.27	60.76 ± 5.54	65.68 ± 7.10^a	63.63 ± 6.52^a	64.57 ± 5.70^a	0.001
Aspirin (n %)	51.00 (62.20)	54.00 (68.40)	57.00 (79.20)	55.00 (71.40)	52.00 (74.30)	59.00 (62.10)	0.223
ACEIs or ARBs (n %)	22.00 (28.60)	27.00 (34.20)	19.00 (26.40)	19.00 (24.70)	21.00 (30.00)	16.00 (16.80)	0.174
β-blocker (n %)	35.00 (45.50)	32.00 (40.50)	28.00 (38.90)	28.00 (36.40)	27.00 (38.60)	25.00 (26.30)	0.180
CCBs (n %)	24.00 (31.20)	27.00 (34.20)	22.00 (30.60)	26.00 (33.80)	23.00 (32.90)	30.00 (31.60)	0.996
Statins (n %)	41.00 (53.20)	30.00 (38.00)	38.00 (52.80)	30.00 (39.00)	35.00 (50.00)	30.00 (31.60)	0.017

AF, atrial fibrillation; PAF, paroxysmal AF; PeAF, persistent AF; BMI, body mass index; WBC, white blood cell; RBC, red blood cell; Hb, hemoglobin; RDW, red cell distribution width; HCT, hematocrit; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; MCHC, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; Plt, platelet count; MPV, mean platelet volume; Cr, creatinine; UA, uric acid; TBIL, total bilirubin; LAD, left atrial diameter; LVEDD, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; IVST, interventricular septal thickness; LVPWT, left ventricular posterior wall thickness; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; a: compared to the different altitude correspondence groups; b: compared to the same altitude PAF-group; c: compared to the same altitude control group.