Research Article

Zipf's Law, Hierarchical Structure, and Cards-Shuffling Model for Urban Development

Figure 4

A sketch map of shuffling cards of network of cities. (Note: The sizes of cities conform to the rank-size rule, equation (2.9). The numbers denote the rank of cities. The network in Figure 4(b) is constructed according to the 2n principle, but only the first four classes are shown here).
480196.fig.004a
(a) Blank cards
480196.fig.004b
(b) Ordered network
480196.fig.004c
(c) Shuffling cards
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(d) Spatial rearrangement.