Zipf's Law, Hierarchical Structure, and Cards-Shuffling Model for Urban Development

<table class="table-group" width="800px"><tr class="fig-image" id="a"><td><img alt="480196.fig.005a" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/ddns/volume-2012/480196/figures/480196.fig.005a.jpg"/></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td align="center"><table><tr><td><b>(a) </b>Two (2<sup>1</sup>)</td></tr></table></td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="b"><td><img alt="480196.fig.005b" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/ddns/volume-2012/480196/figures/480196.fig.005b.jpg"/></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td align="center"><table><tr><td><b>(b) </b>Four (2<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr></table></td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="c"><td><img alt="480196.fig.005c" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/ddns/volume-2012/480196/figures/480196.fig.005c.jpg"/></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td align="center"><table><tr><td><b>(c) </b>Eight (2<sup>3</sup>)</td></tr></table></td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="d"><td><img alt="480196.fig.005d" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/ddns/volume-2012/480196/figures/480196.fig.005d.jpg"/></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td align="center"><table><tr><td><b>(d) </b>Sixteen (2<sup>4</sup>)</td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

<table>Spatial disaggregation and network growth (the first four steps) (by referring to [<a href="/journals/ddns/2012/480196/#B7">6</a>]).</table>

Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society

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Figure 5

Figure 5: Zipf's Law, Hierarchical Structure, and Cards-Shuffling Model for Urban Development 