Research Article
Zipf's Law, Hierarchical Structure, and Cards-Shuffling Model for Urban Development
Table 6
Comparison of hierarchy model between the cases before and after shuffling cards.
| Item | Before shuffling cards | After shuffling cards |
| Mathematical cascade structure | Exist | Keep | Physical cascade structure | Exist | Fade away | Fractal property | Regular fractal | Random fractal | Zipf distribution | Exist | Keep |
| Network type | Real hierarchy | Dummy hierarchy |
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