Emissions and Fuel Consumption Modeling for Evaluating Environmental Effectiveness of ITS Strategies

Table 2

Vehicle emission and fuel consumption factor models.

Vehicle type	Estimation models
Light duty vehicles	𝐸𝐹HC=1.08×10^1×𝑉^−1−7.11×10^−3+3.76×10^−4×𝑉+3.63×10^−5×𝑉^2,𝑅^2=0.91
	𝐸𝐹NO𝑥=2.00×𝑉^−1−4.49×10^−2−3.36×10^−4×𝑉+3.49×10^−5×𝑉^2,𝑅^2=0.87
	𝐸𝐹CO=8.08×10^1×𝑉^−1+1.16+5.03×10^−3×𝑉+5.35×10^−4×𝑉^2,𝑅^2=0.94
	𝐸𝐹CO2=4.78×10^3×𝑉^−1+1.11×10^2−1.24×𝑉+2.37×10^−2×𝑉^2,𝑅^2=0.95
	𝐹𝐹=1.56×10^2×𝑉^−1+3.54−3.88×10^−2×𝑉+7.76×10^−4×𝑉^2,𝑅^2=0.95
Heavy duty vehicles	𝐸𝐹HC=1.55×10^1×𝑉^−1+3.92×10^−1−7.20×10^−3×𝑉+5.31×10^−5×𝑉^2,𝑅^2=0.98
	𝐸𝐹NO𝑥=8.91×10^1×𝑉^−1+9.35−1.36×10^−1×𝑉+8.91×10^−4×𝑉^2,𝑅^2=0.98
	𝐸𝐹CO=4.14×10^1×𝑉^−1+1.99−1.10×10^−2×𝑉+2.99×10^−5×𝑉^2,𝑅^2=0.99
	𝐸𝐹CO2=3.67×10^3×𝑉^−1+5.34×10^2−7.90×𝑉+5.43×10^−2×𝑉^2,𝑅^2=0.99
	𝐹𝐹=1.19×10^2×𝑉^−1+1.69×10^1−2.50×10^−1×𝑉+1.72×10^−3×𝑉^2,𝑅^2=0.99

Note: EF is the emission factor, g/km; FF is the fuel consumption factor, g/km; 𝑉 is average speed, km/h.