Spatiotemporal Pattern in a Self- and Cross-Diffusive Predation Model with the Allee Effect

Figure 4

Dynamical behavior of model (5). 𝐷₁₂=−0.365 (the first row); 𝐷₁₂=−0.5 (the second row); and other parameters are fixed as (27) in the text. (a1), (b1) Two categories of Turing patterns of prey 𝑢 at 𝑡=10000; (a2), (b2) two categories of Turing patterns of predator 𝑣 at 𝑡=10000; and (a3), (b3) phase portraits.