Formation and Propagation of Local Traffic Jam

<table>SVS versus arriving flow rate with triangular fundamental diagram; <svg height="19.4125" id="M114" style="vertical-align:-5.76988pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 58.224998 19.4125" width="58.224998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
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<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,8.612,16.25)"><path d="M394 607q0 -25 -15.5 -43t-39.5 -18q-19 0 -32 13t-13 35t16 41.5t40 19.5q20 0 32 -13.5t12 -34.5zM360 349l-57 -283q-38 -188 -122 -263q-72 -64 -114 -64q-16 0 -30 10.5t-14 22.5q0 24 21 45q15 13 26 6q30 -20 54 -20q41 0 65 95q37 147 86 415q6 34 6.5 42.5
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t98.5 -62.5q61 48 61 124q0 59 -29.5 90t-69.5 31zM248 20q46 0 76.5 33.5t30.5 89.5q0 50 -39 85.5t-110 71.5q-81 -54 -81 -137q0 -67 35.5 -105t87.5 -38z" id="x38"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,49.993,12.162)"><path d="M241 635q53 0 94 -28.5t63.5 -76t33.5 -102.5t11 -116q0 -58 -11 -112.5t-34 -103.5t-63.5 -78.5t-94.5 -29.5t-95 28t-64.5 75t-34.5 102.5t-11 118.5q0 58 11.5 112.5t34.5 103t64.5 78t95.5 29.5zM238 602q-32 0 -55.5 -25t-35.5 -68t-17.5 -91t-5.5 -105
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</svg> veh/km, <svg height="16.025" id="M115" style="vertical-align:-4.10045pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 70.537498 16.025" width="70.537498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,10.862)"><path d="M474 429q-19 -69 -47 -222l-65 -347q-8 -49 0 -60t49 -16l26 -3l-4 -26l-246 -12l4 25l17 3q37 6 50 20.5t23 60.5l67 321h-2q-65 -79 -150 -138q-69 -47 -104 -47q-28 0 -48.5 32t-20.5 81q0 78 35 148t90 117q67 57 161 77q23 5 58 5q43 0 90 -15zM387 387
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<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,8.413,15.825)"><path d="M766 88q-40 -45 -83.5 -72.5t-63.5 -27.5q-39 0 -16 103l49 224q15 68 -10 68q-36 0 -112.5 -78.5t-105.5 -133.5q-27 -101 -38 -165q-35 -4 -77 -18l-6 6q42 153 70 288q12 55 10 78t-19 23q-38 0 -114 -80.5t-101 -131.5q-24 -68 -41 -165q-36 -3 -76 -18l-8 6
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<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,23.137,10.862)"><path d="M535 323h-483v50h483v-50zM535 138h-483v50h483v-50z" id="x3D"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,37.841,10.862)"><path d="M384 0h-275v27q67 5 81.5 18.5t14.5 68.5v385q0 38 -7.5 47.5t-40.5 10.5l-48 2v24q85 15 178 52v-521q0 -55 14.5 -68.5t82.5 -18.5v-27z" id="x31"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,46.001,10.862)"><path d="M249 635q70 0 116 -43t46 -105q0 -46 -28 -80q-22 -25 -80 -64q62 -35 97 -75t35 -99q0 -81 -63 -131t-135 -50q-83 0 -137.5 45.5t-54.5 123.5q0 52 45 95q29 28 89 64q-109 62 -109 155q0 66 50.5 115t128.5 49zM238 603q-42 0 -67.5 -31t-25.5 -72q0 -50 32.5 -79.5
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q0 -76 10 -138.5t37 -107.5t69 -45q32 0 55.5 25t35.5 68.5t17.5 91.5t5.5 105t-5.5 105.5t-18 92t-36 68t-56.5 24.5z" id="x30"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,62.32,10.862)"><path d="M241 635q53 0 94 -28.5t63.5 -76t33.5 -102.5t11 -116q0 -58 -11 -112.5t-34 -103.5t-63.5 -78.5t-94.5 -29.5t-95 28t-64.5 75t-34.5 102.5t-11 118.5q0 58 11.5 112.5t34.5 103t64.5 78t95.5 29.5zM238 602q-32 0 -55.5 -25t-35.5 -68t-17.5 -91t-5.5 -105
q0 -76 10 -138.5t37 -107.5t69 -45q32 0 55.5 25t35.5 68.5t17.5 91.5t5.5 105t-5.5 105.5t-18 92t-36 68t-56.5 24.5z" id="x30"></path></g>
</svg> veh/h, <svg height="18.1" id="M116" style="vertical-align:-5.76988pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 52.287498 18.1" width="52.287498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,10.863)"><path d="M457 332q0 -81 -41 -161.5t-105.5 -131.5t-129.5 -51q-46 0 -79 30.5t-33 86.5q0 18 7 51q18 95 46 187q6 19 6 33q0 7 -7 7q-24 0 -78 -64l-20 23q32 48 73 77t78 29q33 0 33 -46q0 -38 -10 -70q-28 -92 -39 -152q-7 -38 -7 -57q0 -78 69 -78q68 0 118 75.5t50 194.5
q0 43 -12 57q-11 12 -11 24q0 19 15 35.5t34 16.5q18 0 30.5 -34.5t12.5 -81.5z" id="x1D463"></path></g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,8.225,14.938)"><path d="M619 670q0 -13 -9 -26t-18 -19q-13 -10 -25 2q-36 38 -66 38q-31 0 -54.5 -50t-45.5 -185h120l-20 -31l-107 -12q-23 -138 -57 -293q-27 -122 -55 -184.5t-75 -109.5q-60 -61 -114 -61q-25 0 -47.5 15t-22.5 31q0 17 31 44q11 8 20 -1q10 -11 31 -19t35 -8q26 0 47 19
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<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,21.2,10.863)"><path d="M535 323h-483v50h483v-50zM535 138h-483v50h483v-50z" id="x3D"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,35.904,10.863)"><path d="M153 550l-26 -186q79 31 111 31q90 0 141.5 -51t51.5 -119q0 -93 -89 -166q-85 -69 -173 -71q-32 0 -61.5 11.5t-41.5 23.5q-18 17 -17 34q2 16 22 33q14 9 26 -1q61 -50 124 -50q60 0 93 43.5t33 104.5q0 69 -41.5 110t-121.5 41q-53 0 -102 -20l38 305h286l6 -8
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</svg> km/h,  and  <svg height="15.1375" id="M117" style="vertical-align:-3.3907pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 69.474998 15.1375" width="69.474998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,10.862)"><path d="M689 332q0 -81 -40 -161.5t-103.5 -131.5t-127.5 -51q-32 0 -58.5 16t-40.5 46q-70 -62 -139 -62q-45 0 -77.5 30t-32.5 86q0 8 7 52q11 77 45 187q6 19 6 34q0 6 -7 6q-24 0 -78 -64l-20 23q32 48 73 77t78 29q32 0 32 -43q0 -30 -12 -73q-27 -95 -38 -152
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<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,12.162,14.938)"><path d="M483 97q-42 -50 -88.5 -79.5t-68.5 -29.5q-37 0 -17 93l22 102h-2q-54 -79 -144 -149q-59 -46 -100 -46q-24 0 -43 29t-19 86q0 78 34.5 153t94.5 120q41 31 94 51.5t98 20.5q29 0 72 -9q26 -6 39 -6l2 -4q-30 -117 -67 -323q-8 -41 2 -41q16 0 79 58zM374 387
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<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,23.525,10.862)"><path d="M535 323h-483v50h483v-50zM535 138h-483v50h483v-50z" id="x3D"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,38.229,10.862)"><path d="M384 0h-275v27q67 5 81.5 18.5t14.5 68.5v385q0 38 -7.5 47.5t-40.5 10.5l-48 2v24q85 15 178 52v-521q0 -55 14.5 -68.5t82.5 -18.5v-27z" id="x31"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,46.388,10.862)"><path d="M412 140l28 -9q0 -2 -35 -131h-373v23q112 112 161 170q59 70 92 127t33 115q0 63 -31 98t-86 35q-75 0 -137 -93l-22 20l57 81q55 59 135 59q69 0 118.5 -46.5t49.5 -122.5q0 -62 -29.5 -114t-102.5 -130l-141 -149h186q42 0 58.5 10.5t38.5 56.5z" id="x32"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,54.548,10.862)"><path d="M113 -12q-24 0 -39.5 16t-15.5 42q0 24 16 40.5t40 16.5t40 -16.5t16 -40.5q0 -26 -16 -42t-41 -16z" id="x2E"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,58.423,10.862)"><path d="M153 550l-26 -186q79 31 111 31q90 0 141.5 -51t51.5 -119q0 -93 -89 -166q-85 -69 -173 -71q-32 0 -61.5 11.5t-41.5 23.5q-18 17 -17 34q2 16 22 33q14 9 26 -1q61 -50 124 -50q60 0 93 43.5t33 104.5q0 69 -41.5 110t-121.5 41q-53 0 -102 -20l38 305h286l6 -8
l-26 -65h-233z" id="x35"></path></g>
</svg>km/h.</table>

Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society

Formation and Propagation of Local Traffic Jam

Figure 17