Optimization Solution of Troesch’s and Bratu’s Problems of Ordinary Type Using Novel Continuous Genetic Algorithm

Table 13

The influence of selection schemes on the convergence speed, the average fitness, and the corresponding errors for Bratu’s problems when 𝜇=2.

Selection method	Gen	Fit	Err	Res
Rank-based	1313	0.99990899	3.33956728×10^−6	3.47339266×10^−5
Tournament with replacement	1404	0.99998805	1.32758514×10^−5	0.10260139×10^−4
Tournament without replacement	1429	0.99999092	1.00934084×10^−5	0.11360136×10^−4
Roulette wheel	1699	0.99999184	9.06686522×10^−5	0.10602135×10^−4
Stochastic universal	1880	0.99998117	2.09275009×10^−4	0.11740260×10^−3
Half biased	2008	0.99998950	1.16620506×10^−3	0.13856138×10^−2