An EPQ Inventory Model with Allowable Shortages for Deteriorating Items under Trade Credit Policy

Algorithm 1

The pseudocode of the applied cuckoo search algorithm.

begin

 Objective function 𝑓(𝑥)=(𝑥₁,…,𝑥_𝑑)

 Generate initial population of 𝑛 host nests 𝑥_𝑖

 while  (𝑡<𝑀𝑎𝑥𝐺𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛) or (stop criterion)

   Get a cuckoo randomly/generate a solution by Lévy flights and evaluate its quality fitness

   Choose a nest among 𝑛 (say, 𝑗) randomly

    if   (𝐹_𝑖>𝐹_𝑗),

    Replace 𝑗 by the new solution (𝑖)

    end

   A fraction (𝑝_𝑎) of worse nests is abandoned and new ones/solutions are built/generated

   Keep best solutions (or nests with quality solutions)

   Rank the solutions and find the current best

 end  while

 Postprocess results and visualization

end