Research Article
Socioeconomic Drivers of Environmental Pollution in China: A Spatial Econometric Analysis
Table 4
Estimation results of panel data models without spatial interaction effects.
| | | Pooled OLS | Spatial fixed effects | Time-period fixed effects | Spatial and time-period fixed effects |
| | FD | 0.6802 (9.1618) | 0.3660 (3.9193) | 0.4001 (5.1477) | 0.1393 (3.7663) | | FDI | −0.0314 (−2.5529) | −0.0070 (−0.7350) | −0.0566 (−4.5798) | −0.0073 (−0.7634) | | SEC | 1.0419 (15.5283) | 0.1027 (1.2399) | 0.9357 (14.0106) | 0.1116 (1.3222) | | PD | −0.2038 (−11.7753) | −0.1088 (−2.2883) | −0.2221 (−13.0113) | −0.1124 (−2.3561) | | GDP | −1.2683 (−4.0918) | 0.5764 (3.2666) | −1.0800 (−3.4731) | 0.6716 (3.5725) | | GDP2 | 0.0654 (4.1316) | −0.0326 (−3.6446) | 0.0692 (4.3632) | −0.0401 (−3.8442) | | intercept | 0.9134 (0.5919) | | | | | | 0.4831 | 0.1033 | 0.4644 | 0.1032 | | | 0.2416 | 0.0144 | 0.2723 | 0.0152 | | | −2867.7 | −768.6501 | −2813.4 | −767.4535 | | LM spatial lag | 604.0905 | 12.5084 | 527.3881 | 12.3951 | | LM spatial error | 558.9572 | 13.7019 | 462.9329 | 13.4994 | | robust LM spatial lag | 53.7319 | 1.9313 | 69.1703 | 1.5220 | | robust LM spatial error | 8.5987 | 3.1248 | 4.7151 | 2.6264 |
|
|
Notes: T-values are in parentheses. , , denote statistical significance levels at 10%, 5% and 1%, respectively.
|
