Research Article
Socioeconomic Drivers of Environmental Pollution in China: A Spatial Econometric Analysis
Table 7
Direct and indirect effects of spatial Durbin model with spatial fixed effects.
| | | Direct effect | Indirect effect | Total effect |
| | FD | 0.3271 (3.2631) | 0.1211 (0.6782) | 0.4483 (2.3426) | | FDI | −0.0001 (−0.0060) | −0.0208 (−1.1465) | −0.0208 (−1.0786) | | SEC | 0.2319 (2.3068) | −0.2951 (−1.8695) | −0.0632 (−0.4304) | | PD | −0.1255 (−2.3517) | 0.0873 (0.8598) | −0.0382 (−0.3868) | | GDP | 0.6734 (3.2941) | −0.3573 (−1.0149) | 0.3161 (0.8964) | | GDP2 | −0.0374 (−3.3410) | 0.0184 (1.0121) | −0.0190 (−1.0835) |
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Notes: T-values are in parentheses. , , and denote statistical significance levels at 10%, 5%, and 1%, respectively.
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